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6 .TH STANDARDS 5 "Jan 14, 2004"
7 .SH NAME
8 standards, ANSI, C, C++, ISO, POSIX, POSIX.1, POSIX.2, SUS, SUSv2, SUSv3, SVID,
9 SVID3, XNS, XNS4, XNS5, XPG, XPG3, XPG4, XPG4v2 \- standards and specifications
10 supported by Solaris
11 .SH DESCRIPTION
12 .sp
13 .LP
14 Solaris 10 supports IEEE Std 1003.1 and IEEE Std 1003.2, commonly known as
15 POSIX.1 and POSIX.2, respectively. The following table lists each version of
16 these standards with a brief description and the SunOS or Solaris release that
17 first conformed to it.
18 .sp
19
20 .sp
21 .TS
22 c c c
23 l l l .
24 POSIX Standard Description Release
25 _
26 POSIX.1-1988 system interfaces and headers SunOS 4.1
27 _
28 POSIX.1-1990 POSIX.1-1988 update Solaris 2.0
29 _
30 POSIX.1b-1993 realtime extensions Solaris 2.4
31 _
32 POSIX.1c-1996 threads extensions Solaris 2.6
33 _
34 POSIX.2-1992 shell and utilities Solaris 2.5
35 _
36 POSIX.2a-1992 interactive shell and utilities Solaris 2.5
37 _
38 POSIX.1-2001 T{
39 POSIX.1-1990, POSIX.1b-1993, POSIX.1c-1996, POSIX.2-1992, and POSIX.2a-1992 updates
40 T} Solaris 10
41 .TE
42
43 .sp
44 .LP
45 Solaris 10 also supports the X/Open Common Applications Environment (CAE)
46 Portability Guide Issue 3 (XPG3) and Issue 4 (XPG4); Single UNIX Specification
47 (SUS, also known as XPG4v2); Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 (SUSv2); and
48 Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 (SUSv3). Both XPG4 and SUS include
49 Networking Services Issue 4 (XNS4). SUSv2 includes Networking Services Issue 5
50 (XNS5).
51 .sp
52 .LP
53 The following table lists each X/Open specification with a brief description
54 and the SunOS or Solaris release that first conformed to it.
55 .sp
56
57 .sp
58 .TS
59 c c c
60 c c c .
61 X/Open CAE
62 _
63 Specification Description Release
64 _
65 XPG3 T{
66 superset of POSIX.1-1988 containing utilities from SVID3
67 T} SunOS 4.1
68 _
69 XPG4 T{
70 superset of POSIX.1-1990, POSIX.2-1992, and POSIX.2a-1992 containing extensions to POSIX standards from XPG3
71 T} Solaris 2.4
72 _
73 SUS (XPG4v2) T{
74 superset of XPG4 containing historical BSD interfaces widely used by common application packages
75 T} Solaris 2.6
76 _
77 XNS4 sockets and XTI interfaces Solaris 2.6
78 _
79 SUSv2 T{
80 superset of SUS extended to support POSIX.1b-1993, POSIX.1c-1996, and ISO/IEC 9899 (C Standard) Amendment 1
81 T} Solaris 7
82 _
83 XNS5 T{
84 superset and LP64-clean derivative of XNS4.
85 T} Solaris 7
86 _
87 SUSv3 same as POSIX.1-2001 Solaris 10
88 .TE
89
90 .sp
91 .LP
92 The XNS4 specification is safe for use only in ILP32 (32-bit) environments and
93 should not be used for LP64 (64-bit) application environments. Use XNS5 or
94 SUSv3, which have LP64-clean interfaces that are portable across ILP32 and LP64
95 environments. Solaris releases 7 through 10 support both the ILP32 and LP64
96 environments.
97 .sp
98 .LP
99 Solaris releases 7 through 10 have been branded to conform to The Open Group's
100 UNIX 98 Product Standard. Solaris 10 has been branded to conform to The Open
101 Group's UNIX 03 Product Standard.
102 .sp
103 .LP
104 Solaris releases 2.0 through 10 support the interfaces specified by the System
105 V Interface Definition, Third Edition, Volumes 1 through 4 (SVID3). Note,
106 however, that since the developers of this specification (UNIX Systems
107 Laboratories) are no longer in business and since this specification defers to
108 POSIX and X/Open CAE specifications, there is some disagreement about what is
109 currently required for conformance to this specification.
110 .sp
111 .LP
112 When \fBSun Studio C Compiler 5.6\fR is installed, Solaris releases 2.0 through
113 10 support the ANSI X3.159-1989 Programming Language - C and ISO/IEC 9899:1990
114 Programming Language - C (C) interfaces.
115 .sp
116 .LP
117 When \fBSun Studio C Compiler 5.6\fR is installed, Solaris releases 7 through
118 10 support ISO/IEC 9899:1990 Amendment 1:1995: C Integrity.
119 .sp
120 .LP
121 When \fBSun Studio C Compiler 5.6\fR is installed, Solaris 10 supports ISO/IEC
122 9899:1999 Programming Languages - C.
123 .sp
124 .LP
125 When \fBSun Studio C++ Compiler 5.6\fR is installed, Solaris releases 2.5.1
126 through 10 support ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Programming Languages - C++. Unsupported
127 features of that standard are described in the compiler README file.
128 .SS "Utilities"
129 .sp
130 .LP
131 If the behavior required by POSIX.2, POSIX.2a, XPG4, SUS, or SUSv2 conflicts
132 with historical Solaris utility behavior, the original Solaris version of the
133 utility is unchanged; a new version that is standard-conforming has been
134 provided in \fB/usr/xpg4/bin\fR. If the behavior required by POSIX.1-2001 or
135 SUSv3 conflicts with historical Solaris utility behavior, a new version that is
136 standard-conforming has been provided in \fB/usr/xpg4/bin\fR or in
137 \fB/usr/xpg6/bin\fR. If the behavior required by POSIX.1-2001 or SUSv3
138 conflicts with POSIX.2, POSIX.2a, SUS, or SUSv2, a new version that is SUSv3
139 standard-conforming has been provided in \fB/usr/xpg6/bin\fR.
140 .sp
141 .LP
142 An application that wants to use standard-conforming utilitues must set the
143 \fBPATH\fR (\fBsh\fR(1) or \fBksh\fR(1)) or \fBpath\fR (\fBcsh\fR(1))
144 environment variable to specify the directories listed below in the order
145 specified to get the appropriate utilities:
146 .sp
147 .ne 2
148 .na
149 \fBSVID3, XPG3\fR
150 .ad
151 .sp .6
152 .RS 4n
153 .RS +4
154 .TP
155 1.
156 \fB/usr/ccs/bin\fR
157 .RE
158 .RS +4
159 .TP
160 2.
161 \fB/usr/bin\fR
162 .RE
163 .RS +4
164 .TP
165 3.
166 directory containing binaries for your compiler
167 .RE
168 .RS +4
169 .TP
170 4.
171 other directories containing binaries needed by the application
172 .RE
173 .RE
174
175 .sp
176 .ne 2
177 .na
178 \fBPOSIX.2, POSIX.2a, SUS, SUSv2, XPG4\fR
179 .ad
180 .sp .6
181 .RS 4n
182 .RS +4
183 .TP
184 1.
185 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin\fR
186 .RE
187 .RS +4
188 .TP
189 2.
190 \fB/usr/ccs/bin\fR
191 .RE
192 .RS +4
193 .TP
194 3.
195 \fB/usr/bin\fR
196 .RE
197 .RS +4
198 .TP
199 4.
200 directory containing binaries for your compiler
201 .RE
202 .RS +4
203 .TP
204 5.
205 other directories containing binaries needed by the application
206 .RE
207 .RE
208
209 .sp
210 .ne 2
211 .na
212 \fBPOSIX.1-2001, SUSv3\fR
213 .ad
214 .sp .6
215 .RS 4n
216 .RS +4
217 .TP
218 1.
219 \fB/usr/xpg6/bin\fR
220 .RE
221 .RS +4
222 .TP
223 2.
224 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin\fR
225 .RE
226 .RS +4
227 .TP
228 3.
229 \fB/usr/ccs/bin\fR
230 .RE
231 .RS +4
232 .TP
233 4.
234 \fB/usr/bin\fR
235 .RE
236 .RS +4
237 .TP
238 5.
239 directory containing binaries for your compiler
240 .RE
241 .RS +4
242 .TP
243 6.
244 other directories containing binaries needed by the application
245 .RE
246 .RE
247
248 .SS "Feature Test Macros"
249 .sp
250 .LP
251 Feature test macros are used by applications to indicate additional sets of
252 features that are desired beyond those specified by the C standard. If an
253 application uses only those interfaces and headers defined by a particular
254 standard (such as POSIX or X/Open CAE), then it need only define the
255 appropriate feature test macro specified by that standard. If the application
256 is using interfaces and headers not defined by that standard, then in addition
257 to defining the appropriate standard feature test macro, it must also define
258 \fB__EXTENSIONS__\fR. Defining \fB__EXTENSIONS__\fR provides the application
259 with access to all interfaces and headers not in conflict with the specified
260 standard. The application must define \fB__EXTENSIONS__\fR either on the
261 compile command line or within the application source files.
262 .SS "1989 ANSI C, 1990 ISO C, 1999 ISO C"
263 .sp
264 .LP
265 No feature test macros need to be defined to indicate that an application is a
266 conforming C application.
267 .SS "ANSI/ISO C++"
268 .sp
269 .LP
270 ANSI/ISO C++ does not define any feature test macros. If the standard C++
271 announcement macro \fB__cplusplus\fR is predefined to value 199711 or greater,
272 the compiler operates in a standard-conforming mode, indicating C++ standards
273 conformance. The value 199711 indicates conformance to ISO/IEC 14882:1998, as
274 required by that standard. (As noted above, conformance to the standard is
275 incomplete.) A standard-conforming mode is not available with compilers prior
276 to Sun WorkShop C++ 5.0.
277 .sp
278 .LP
279 C++ bindings are not defined for POSIX or X/Open CAE, so specifying feature
280 test macros such as \fB_POSIX_SOURCE\fR, \fB_POSIX_C_SOURCE\fR, and
281 \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE\fR can result in compilation errors due to conflicting
282 requirements of standard C++ and those specifications.
283 .SS "POSIX"
284 .sp
285 .LP
286 Applications that are intended to be conforming POSIX.1 applications must
287 define the feature test macros specified by the standard before including any
288 headers. For the standards listed below, applications must define the feature
289 test macros listed. Application writers must check the corresponding standards
290 for other macros that can be queried to determine if desired options are
291 supported by the implementation.
292 .sp
293
294 .sp
295 .TS
296 c c
297 l l .
298 \fBPOSIX Standard\fR \fBFeature Test Macros\fR
299 _
300 POSIX.1-1990 \fB_POSIX_SOURCE\fR
301 _
302 T{
303 POSIX.1-1990 and POSIX.2-1992 C-Language Bindings Option
304 T} \fB_POSIX_SOURCE\fR and \fB_POSIX_C_SOURCE=2\fR
305 POSIX.1b-1993 \fB_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L\fR
306 _
307 POSIX.1c-1996 \fB_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L\fR
308 _
309 POSIX.1-2001 \fB_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200112L\fR
310 .TE
311
312 .SS "SVID3"
313 .sp
314 .LP
315 The SVID3 specification does not specify any feature test macros to indicate
316 that an application is written to meet SVID3 requirements. The SVID3
317 specification was written before the C standard was completed.
318 .SS "X/Open CAE"
319 .sp
320 .LP
321 To build or compile an application that conforms to one of the X/Open CAE
322 specifications, use the following guidelines. Applications need not set the
323 POSIX feature test macros if they require both CAE and POSIX functionality.
324 .sp
325 .ne 2
326 .na
327 \fBXPG3\fR
328 .ad
329 .RS 16n
330 The application must define \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE\fR. If \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE\fR is
331 defined with a value, the value must be less than 500.
332 .RE
333
334 .sp
335 .ne 2
336 .na
337 \fBXPG4\fR
338 .ad
339 .RS 16n
340 The application must define \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE\fR and set \fB_XOPEN_VERSION=4\fR.
341 If \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE\fR is defined with a value, the value must be less than
342 500.
343 .RE
344
345 .sp
346 .ne 2
347 .na
348 \fBSUS (XPG4v2)\fR
349 .ad
350 .RS 16n
351 The application must define \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE\fR and set
352 \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED=1\fR. If \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE\fR is defined with a value,
353 the value must be less than 500.
354 .RE
355
356 .sp
357 .ne 2
358 .na
359 \fBSUSv2\fR
360 .ad
361 .RS 16n
362 The application must define \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE=500\fR.
363 .RE
364
365 .sp
366 .ne 2
367 .na
368 \fBSUSv3\fR
369 .ad
370 .RS 16n
371 The application must define \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE=600\fR.
372 .RE
373
374 .SS "Compilation"
375 .sp
376 .LP
377 A POSIX.1 (1988-1996)-, XPG4-, SUS-, or SUSv2-conforming implementation must
378 include an ANSI X3.159-1989 (ANSI C Language) standard-conforming compilation
379 system and the \fBcc\fR and \fBc89\fR utilities. A POSIX.1-2001- or
380 SUSv3-conforming implementation must include an ISO/IEC 99899:1999 (1999 ISO C
381 Language) standard-conforming compilation system and the \fBc99\fR utility.
382 Solaris 10 was tested with the \fBcc\fR, \fBc89\fR, and \fBc99\fR utilities and
383 the compilation environment provided by \fBSun Studio C Compiler 5.6\fR.
384 .sp
385 .LP
386 When \fBcc\fR is used to link applications, \fB/usr/lib/values-xpg4.o\fR must
387 be specified on any link/load command line, unless the application is
388 POSIX.1-2001- or SUSv3-conforming, in which case \fB/usr/lib/values-xpg6.o\fR
389 must be specified on any link/load compile line. The preferred way to build
390 applications, however, is described in the table below.
391 .sp
392 .LP
393 An XNS4- or XNS5-conforming application must include \fB-l\fR \fBXNS\fR on any
394 link/load command line in addition to defining the feature test macros
395 specified for SUS or SUSv2, respectively.
396 .sp
397 .LP
398 If the compiler suppports the \fBredefine_extname\fR pragma feature (the \fBSun
399 Studio C Compiler 5.6\fR compilers define the macro
400 \fB__PRAGMA_REDEFINE_EXTNAME\fR to indicate that it supports this feature),
401 then the standard headers use \fB#pragma\fR \fBredefine_extname\fR directives
402 to properly map function names onto library entry point names. This mapping
403 provides full support for ISO C, POSIX, and X/Open namespace reservations.
404 .sp
405 .LP
406 If this pragma feature is not supported by the compiler, the headers use the
407 \fB#define\fR directive to map internal function names onto appropriate library
408 entry point names. In this instance, applications should avoid using the
409 explicit 64-bit file offset symbols listed on the \fBlf64\fR(5) manual page,
410 since these names are used by the implementation to name the alternative entry
411 points.
412 .sp
413 .LP
414 When using \fBSun Studio C Compiler 5.6\fR compilers, applications conforming
415 to the specifications listed above should be compiled using the utilities and
416 flags indicated in the following table:
417 .sp
418 .in +2
419 .nf
420 Specification Compiler/Flags Feature Test Macros
421 _________________________________________________________________________
422 1989 ANSI C and 1990 ISO C c89 none
423 _________________________________________________________________________
424 1999 ISO C c99 none
425 _________________________________________________________________________
426 SVID3 cc -Xt -xc99=none none
427 _________________________________________________________________________
428 POSIX.1-1990 c89 _POSIX_SOURCE
429 _________________________________________________________________________
430 POSIX.1-1990 and POSIX.2-1992 c89 _POSIX_SOURCE and
431 C-Language Bindings Option POSIX_C_SOURCE=2
432 _________________________________________________________________________
433 POSIX.1b-1993 c89 _POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L
434 _________________________________________________________________________
435 POSIX.1c-1996 c89 _POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L
436 _________________________________________________________________________
437 POSIX.1-2001 c99 _POSIX_C_SOURCE=200112L
438 _________________________________________________________________________
439 POSIX.1c-1996 c89 _POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L
440 _________________________________________________________________________
441 CAE XPG3 cc -Xa -xc99=none _XOPEN_SOURCE
442 _________________________________________________________________________
443 CAE XPG4 c89 _XOPEN_SOURCE and
444 _XOPEN_VERSION=4
445 _________________________________________________________________________
446 SUS (CAE XPG4v2) c89 _XOPEN_SOURCE and
447 (includes XNS4) _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED=1
448 _________________________________________________________________________
449 SUSv2 (includes XNS5) c89 _XOPEN_SOURCE=500
450 _________________________________________________________________________
451 SUSv3 c99 _XOPEN_SOURCE=600
452 .fi
453 .in -2
454 .sp
455
456 .sp
457 .LP
458 For platforms supporting the LP64 (64-bit) programming environment,
459 SUSv2-conforming LP64 applications using XNS5 library calls should be built
460 with command lines of the form:
461 .sp
462 .in +2
463 .nf
464 c89 $(getconf XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS) -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 \e
465 $(getconf XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS) foo.c -o foo \e
466 $(getconf XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS) -lxnet
467 .fi
468 .in -2
469
470 .sp
471 .LP
472 Similar SUSv3-conforming LP64 applications should be built with command lines
473 of the form:
474 .sp
475 .in +2
476 .nf
477 c99 $(getconf POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS) -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600 \e
478 $(getconf POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS) foo.c -o foo \e
479 $(getconf POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS) -lxnet
480 .fi
481 .in -2
482
483 .SS "SUSv3"
484 .sp
485 .ne 2
486 .na
487 \fB\fBc99\fR\fR
488 .ad
489 .RS 28n
490 \fB_XOPEN_SOURCE=600\fR
491 .RE
492
493 .SH SEE ALSO
494 .sp
495 .LP
496 \fBcsh\fR(1), \fBksh\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), \fBexec\fR(2), \fBsysconf\fR(3C),
497 \fBsystem\fR(3C), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBlf64\fR(5)