2 .\" Copyright (c) 2008, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
   3 .\" Copyright 1989 AT&T
   4 .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
   5 .\"  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
   6 .\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
   7 .TH FILESYSTEM 5 "Aug 26, 2013"
   8 .SH NAME
   9 filesystem \- File system organization
  10 .SH SYNOPSIS
  11 .LP
  12 .nf
  13 /
  14 .fi
  15 
  16 .LP
  17 .nf
  18 /usr
  19 .fi
  20 
  21 .SH DESCRIPTION
  22 .sp
  23 .LP
  24 The file system tree is organized for administrative convenience. Distinct
  25 areas within the file system tree are provided for files that are private to
  26 one machine, files that can be shared by multiple machines of a common
  27 platform, files that can be shared by all machines, and home directories. This
  28 organization allows sharable files to be stored on one machine but accessed by
  29 many machines using a remote file access mechanism such as \fBNFS\fR. Grouping
  30 together similar files makes the file system tree easier to upgrade and manage.
  31 .sp
  32 .LP
  33 The file system tree consists of a root file system and a collection of
  34 mountable file systems. The \fBmount\fR(2) program attaches mountable file
  35 systems to the file system tree at mount points (directory entries) in the root
  36 file system or other previously mounted file systems. Two file systems, \fB/\fR
  37 (the root) and \fB/usr\fR, must be mounted and \fB/var\fR must be accessible to
  38 have a functional system. The root file system is mounted automatically by the
  39 kernel at boot time; the \fB/usr\fR file system is mounted by the system
  40 start-up script, which is run as part of the booting process. \fB/var\fR can be
  41 mounted as its own file system or be part of \fB/usr\fR, as it is by default.
  42 .sp

  58 The following descriptions make use of the terms \fBplatform\fR,
  59 \fBplatform-dependent\fR, \fBplatform-independent\fR, and
  60 \fBplatform-specific\fR. Platform refers to a machines Instruction Set
  61 Architecture or processor type, such as is returned by \fBuname\fR \fB-i\fR.
  62 \fBPlatform-dependent\fR refers to a file that is installed on all platforms
  63 and whose contents vary depending on the platform. Like a platform-dependent
  64 file, a \fBplatform-independent\fR file is installed on all platforms. However,
  65 the contents of the latter type remains the same on all platforms. An example
  66 of a platform-dependent file is compiled, executable program. An example of a
  67 platform-independent file is a standard configuration file, such as
  68 \fB/etc/hosts\fR. Unlike a platform-dependent or a platform-independent file,
  69 the \fBplatform-specific\fR file is installed only on a subset of supported
  70 platforms. Most platform-specific files are gathered under \fB/platform\fR and
  71 \fB/usr/platform\fR.
  72 .sp
  73 .LP
  74 In the following file or directory descriptions, GNOME stands for GNU Network
  75 Object Model Environment. The GNOME Desktop is shipped with the Solaris
  76 operating system.
  77 .SS "Root File System"
  78 .sp
  79 .LP
  80 The root file system contains files that are unique to each machine. It
  81 contains the following directories:
  82 .sp
  83 .ne 2
  84 .na
  85 \fB\fB/\fR\fR
  86 .ad
  87 .sp .6
  88 .RS 4n
  89 Root of the overall file system name space.
  90 .RE
  91 
  92 .sp
  93 .ne 2
  94 .na
  95 \fB\fB/dev\fR\fR
  96 .ad
  97 .sp .6
  98 .RS 4n

1874 .na
1875 \fB\fB/var/uucp\fR\fR
1876 .ad
1877 .sp .6
1878 .RS 4n
1879 \fBuucp\fR(1C) log and status files.
1880 .RE
1881 
1882 .sp
1883 .ne 2
1884 .na
1885 \fB\fB/var/yp\fR\fR
1886 .ad
1887 .sp .6
1888 .RS 4n
1889 Databases needed for backwards compatibility with \fBNIS\fR and
1890 \fBypbind\fR(1M); unnecessary after full transition to \fBNIS+\fR.
1891 .RE
1892 
1893 .SS "\fB/usr\fR File System"
1894 .sp
1895 .LP
1896 Because it is desirable to keep the root file system small and not volatile, on
1897 disk-based systems larger file systems are often mounted on \fB/home\fR,
1898 \fB/opt\fR, \fB/usr\fR, and \fB/var\fR.
1899 .sp
1900 .LP
1901 The file system mounted on \fB/usr\fR contains platform-dependent and
1902 platform-independent sharable files. The subtree rooted at \fB/usr/share\fR
1903 contains platform-independent sharable files; the rest of the \fB/usr\fR tree
1904 contains platform-dependent files. By mounting a common remote file system, a
1905 group of machines with a common platform may share a single \fB/usr\fR file
1906 system. A single \fB/usr/share\fR file system can be shared by machines of any
1907 platform. A machine acting as a file server can share many different \fB/usr\fR
1908 file systems to support several different architectures and operating system
1909 releases. Clients usually mount \fB/usr\fR read-only so that they do not
1910 accidentally change any shared files.
1911 .sp
1912 .LP
1913 The \fB/usr\fR file system contains the following subdirectories:
1914 .sp

2780 \fBSPARC\fR 64-bit, platform-dependent libraries, various databases, commands
2781 and daemons not invoked directly by a human user. An approved installation
2782 location for bundled Solaris software. The analogous location for add-on system
2783 software or for applications is \fB/opt/\fIpackagename\fR/lib/sparcv9\fR.
2784 .RE
2785 
2786 .sp
2787 .ne 2
2788 .na
2789 \fB\fB/usr/lib/spell\fR\fR
2790 .ad
2791 .sp .6
2792 .RS 4n
2793 Auxiliary programs and databases for \fBspell\fR(1). This directory is only
2794 present when the Binary Compatibility Package is installed.
2795 .RE
2796 
2797 .sp
2798 .ne 2
2799 .na
2800 \fB\fB/usr/lib/ssh\fR\fR
2801 .ad
2802 .sp .6
2803 .RS 4n
2804 Contains the Secure Shell daemon (\fBsshd\fR) and supporting programs.
2805 .RE
2806 
2807 .sp
2808 .ne 2
2809 .na
2810 \fB\fB/usr/lib/\fIsubsystem\fR\fR\fR
2811 .ad
2812 .sp .6
2813 .RS 4n
2814 Platform-dependent libraries, various databases, commands and daemons that are
2815 associated with \fIsubsystem\fR and that are not invoked directly by a human
2816 user. An approved installation location for bundled Solaris software. The
2817 analogous location for add-on system software or for applications is
2818 \fB/opt/\fIpackagename\fR/lib\fR.
2819 .RE
2820 
2821 .sp
2822 .ne 2
2823 .na
2824 \fB\fB/usr/lib/\fIsubsystem\fR/amd64\fR\fR
2825 .ad
2826 .sp .6
2827 .RS 4n
2828 x86 64-bit, platform-dependent libraries, various databases, commands and
2829 daemons that are associated with \fIsubsystem\fR and that are not invoked

3633 .ne 2
3634 .na
3635 \fB\fB/usr/xpg4\fR\fR
3636 .ad
3637 .sp .6
3638 .RS 4n
3639 Directory for POSIX-compliant utilities.
3640 .RE
3641 
3642 .sp
3643 .ne 2
3644 .na
3645 \fB\fB/usr/xpg6\fR\fR
3646 .ad
3647 .sp .6
3648 .RS 4n
3649 Directory for newer versions of POSIX-compliant utilities.
3650 .RE
3651 
3652 .SH SEE ALSO
3653 .sp
3654 .LP
3655 \fBat\fR(1), \fBex\fR(1), \fBfmli\fR(1), \fBiconv\fR(1), \fBlp\fR(1),
3656 \fBisainfo\fR(1), \fBmail\fR(1), \fBmailx\fR(1), \fBnroff\fR(1),
3657 \fBpriocntl\fR(1), \fBrefer\fR(1), \fBsar\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), \fBspell\fR(1),
3658 \fBsvcs\fR(1), \fBtroff\fR(1), \fBuname\fR(1), \fBuucp\fR(1C), \fBvi\fR(1),
3659 \fBacct\fR(1M), \fBcron\fR(1M), \fBdispadmin\fR(1M), \fBdladm\fR(1M),
3660 \fBfmd\fR(1M), \fBfsck\fR(1M), \fBinit\fR(1M), \fBkernel\fR(1M),
3661 \fBmknod\fR(1M), \fBmount\fR(1M), \fBsvcadm\fR(1M), \fBsvccfg\fR(1M),
3662 \fBuseradd\fR(1M), \fBypbind\fR(1M), \fBmount\fR(2), \fBIntro\fR(4),
3663 \fBterminfo\fR(4)

   2 .\" Copyright (c) 2008, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
   3 .\" Copyright 1989 AT&T
   4 .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
   5 .\"  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
   6 .\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
   7 .TH FILESYSTEM 5 "Aug 26, 2013"
   8 .SH NAME
   9 filesystem \- File system organization
  10 .SH SYNOPSIS
  11 .LP
  12 .nf
  13 /
  14 .fi
  15 
  16 .LP
  17 .nf
  18 /usr
  19 .fi
  20 
  21 .SH DESCRIPTION

  22 .LP
  23 The file system tree is organized for administrative convenience. Distinct
  24 areas within the file system tree are provided for files that are private to
  25 one machine, files that can be shared by multiple machines of a common
  26 platform, files that can be shared by all machines, and home directories. This
  27 organization allows sharable files to be stored on one machine but accessed by
  28 many machines using a remote file access mechanism such as \fBNFS\fR. Grouping
  29 together similar files makes the file system tree easier to upgrade and manage.
  30 .sp
  31 .LP
  32 The file system tree consists of a root file system and a collection of
  33 mountable file systems. The \fBmount\fR(2) program attaches mountable file
  34 systems to the file system tree at mount points (directory entries) in the root
  35 file system or other previously mounted file systems. Two file systems, \fB/\fR
  36 (the root) and \fB/usr\fR, must be mounted and \fB/var\fR must be accessible to
  37 have a functional system. The root file system is mounted automatically by the
  38 kernel at boot time; the \fB/usr\fR file system is mounted by the system
  39 start-up script, which is run as part of the booting process. \fB/var\fR can be
  40 mounted as its own file system or be part of \fB/usr\fR, as it is by default.
  41 .sp

  57 The following descriptions make use of the terms \fBplatform\fR,
  58 \fBplatform-dependent\fR, \fBplatform-independent\fR, and
  59 \fBplatform-specific\fR. Platform refers to a machines Instruction Set
  60 Architecture or processor type, such as is returned by \fBuname\fR \fB-i\fR.
  61 \fBPlatform-dependent\fR refers to a file that is installed on all platforms
  62 and whose contents vary depending on the platform. Like a platform-dependent
  63 file, a \fBplatform-independent\fR file is installed on all platforms. However,
  64 the contents of the latter type remains the same on all platforms. An example
  65 of a platform-dependent file is compiled, executable program. An example of a
  66 platform-independent file is a standard configuration file, such as
  67 \fB/etc/hosts\fR. Unlike a platform-dependent or a platform-independent file,
  68 the \fBplatform-specific\fR file is installed only on a subset of supported
  69 platforms. Most platform-specific files are gathered under \fB/platform\fR and
  70 \fB/usr/platform\fR.
  71 .sp
  72 .LP
  73 In the following file or directory descriptions, GNOME stands for GNU Network
  74 Object Model Environment. The GNOME Desktop is shipped with the Solaris
  75 operating system.
  76 .SS "Root File System"

  77 .LP
  78 The root file system contains files that are unique to each machine. It
  79 contains the following directories:
  80 .sp
  81 .ne 2
  82 .na
  83 \fB\fB/\fR\fR
  84 .ad
  85 .sp .6
  86 .RS 4n
  87 Root of the overall file system name space.
  88 .RE
  89 
  90 .sp
  91 .ne 2
  92 .na
  93 \fB\fB/dev\fR\fR
  94 .ad
  95 .sp .6
  96 .RS 4n

1872 .na
1873 \fB\fB/var/uucp\fR\fR
1874 .ad
1875 .sp .6
1876 .RS 4n
1877 \fBuucp\fR(1C) log and status files.
1878 .RE
1879 
1880 .sp
1881 .ne 2
1882 .na
1883 \fB\fB/var/yp\fR\fR
1884 .ad
1885 .sp .6
1886 .RS 4n
1887 Databases needed for backwards compatibility with \fBNIS\fR and
1888 \fBypbind\fR(1M); unnecessary after full transition to \fBNIS+\fR.
1889 .RE
1890 
1891 .SS "\fB/usr\fR File System"

1892 .LP
1893 Because it is desirable to keep the root file system small and not volatile, on
1894 disk-based systems larger file systems are often mounted on \fB/home\fR,
1895 \fB/opt\fR, \fB/usr\fR, and \fB/var\fR.
1896 .sp
1897 .LP
1898 The file system mounted on \fB/usr\fR contains platform-dependent and
1899 platform-independent sharable files. The subtree rooted at \fB/usr/share\fR
1900 contains platform-independent sharable files; the rest of the \fB/usr\fR tree
1901 contains platform-dependent files. By mounting a common remote file system, a
1902 group of machines with a common platform may share a single \fB/usr\fR file
1903 system. A single \fB/usr/share\fR file system can be shared by machines of any
1904 platform. A machine acting as a file server can share many different \fB/usr\fR
1905 file systems to support several different architectures and operating system
1906 releases. Clients usually mount \fB/usr\fR read-only so that they do not
1907 accidentally change any shared files.
1908 .sp
1909 .LP
1910 The \fB/usr\fR file system contains the following subdirectories:
1911 .sp

2777 \fBSPARC\fR 64-bit, platform-dependent libraries, various databases, commands
2778 and daemons not invoked directly by a human user. An approved installation
2779 location for bundled Solaris software. The analogous location for add-on system
2780 software or for applications is \fB/opt/\fIpackagename\fR/lib/sparcv9\fR.
2781 .RE
2782 
2783 .sp
2784 .ne 2
2785 .na
2786 \fB\fB/usr/lib/spell\fR\fR
2787 .ad
2788 .sp .6
2789 .RS 4n
2790 Auxiliary programs and databases for \fBspell\fR(1). This directory is only
2791 present when the Binary Compatibility Package is installed.
2792 .RE
2793 
2794 .sp
2795 .ne 2
2796 .na










2797 \fB\fB/usr/lib/\fIsubsystem\fR\fR\fR
2798 .ad
2799 .sp .6
2800 .RS 4n
2801 Platform-dependent libraries, various databases, commands and daemons that are
2802 associated with \fIsubsystem\fR and that are not invoked directly by a human
2803 user. An approved installation location for bundled Solaris software. The
2804 analogous location for add-on system software or for applications is
2805 \fB/opt/\fIpackagename\fR/lib\fR.
2806 .RE
2807 
2808 .sp
2809 .ne 2
2810 .na
2811 \fB\fB/usr/lib/\fIsubsystem\fR/amd64\fR\fR
2812 .ad
2813 .sp .6
2814 .RS 4n
2815 x86 64-bit, platform-dependent libraries, various databases, commands and
2816 daemons that are associated with \fIsubsystem\fR and that are not invoked

3620 .ne 2
3621 .na
3622 \fB\fB/usr/xpg4\fR\fR
3623 .ad
3624 .sp .6
3625 .RS 4n
3626 Directory for POSIX-compliant utilities.
3627 .RE
3628 
3629 .sp
3630 .ne 2
3631 .na
3632 \fB\fB/usr/xpg6\fR\fR
3633 .ad
3634 .sp .6
3635 .RS 4n
3636 Directory for newer versions of POSIX-compliant utilities.
3637 .RE
3638 
3639 .SH SEE ALSO

3640 .LP
3641 \fBat\fR(1), \fBex\fR(1), \fBfmli\fR(1), \fBiconv\fR(1), \fBlp\fR(1),
3642 \fBisainfo\fR(1), \fBmail\fR(1), \fBmailx\fR(1), \fBnroff\fR(1),
3643 \fBpriocntl\fR(1), \fBrefer\fR(1), \fBsar\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), \fBspell\fR(1),
3644 \fBsvcs\fR(1), \fBtroff\fR(1), \fBuname\fR(1), \fBuucp\fR(1C), \fBvi\fR(1),
3645 \fBacct\fR(1M), \fBcron\fR(1M), \fBdispadmin\fR(1M), \fBdladm\fR(1M),
3646 \fBfmd\fR(1M), \fBfsck\fR(1M), \fBinit\fR(1M), \fBkernel\fR(1M),
3647 \fBmknod\fR(1M), \fBmount\fR(1M), \fBsvcadm\fR(1M), \fBsvccfg\fR(1M),
3648 \fBuseradd\fR(1M), \fBypbind\fR(1M), \fBmount\fR(2), \fBIntro\fR(4),
3649 \fBterminfo\fR(4)