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49 .TH FIND 1 "Sep 5, 2011"
50 .SH NAME
51 find \- find files
52 .SH SYNOPSIS
53 .LP
54 .nf
55 \fB/usr/bin/find\fR [\fB-E\fR] [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR] \fIpath\fR... \fIexpression\fR
56 .fi
57
58 .LP
59 .nf
60 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/find\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR] \fIpath\fR... \fIexpression\fR
61 .fi
62
63 .SH DESCRIPTION
64 .LP
65 The \fBfind\fR utility recursively descends the directory hierarchy for each
66 \fIpath\fR seeking files that match a Boolean \fIexpression\fR written in the
67 primaries specified below.
68 .sp
69 .LP
70 \fBfind\fR is able to descend to arbitrary depths in a file hierarchy and does
71 not fail due to path length limitations (unless a \fIpath\fR operand specified
72 by the application exceeds \fIPATH_MAX\fR requirements).
73 .sp
74 .LP
75 \fBfind\fR detects infinite loops; that is, entering a previously visited
76 directory that is an ancestor of the last file encountered.
77 .SH OPTIONS
78 .LP
79 The following options are supported:
80 .sp
81 .ne 2
82 .na
83 \fB\fB-E\fR\fR
84 .ad
85 .RS 6n
86 Interpret regular expressions followed by \fB-regex\fR and \fB-iregex\fR
87 primaries as extended regular expressions.
88 .RE
89
90 .sp
91 .ne 2
92 .na
93 \fB\fB-H\fR\fR
94 .ad
95 .RS 6n
96 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link
97 encountered on the command line to be those of the file referenced by the link,
98 and not the link itself. If the referenced file does not exist, the file
99 information and type is for the link itself. File information for all symbolic
100 links not on the command line is that of the link itself.
101 .RE
102
103 .sp
104 .ne 2
105 .na
106 \fB\fB-L\fR\fR
107 .ad
108 .RS 6n
109 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link to
110 be those of the file referenced by the link, and not the link itself. See
111 \fBNOTES\fR.
112 .RE
113
114 .sp
115 .LP
116 Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options \fB-H\fR and
117 \fB-L\fR is not considered an error. The last option specified determines the
118 behavior of the utility.
119 .SH OPERANDS
120 .LP
121 The following operands are supported:
122 .sp
123 .ne 2
124 .na
125 \fB\fIpath\fR\fR
126 .ad
127 .RS 14n
128 A pathname of a starting point in the directory hierarchy.
129 .RE
130
131 .sp
132 .ne 2
133 .na
134 \fB\fIexpression\fR\fR
135 .ad
136 .RS 14n
137 The first argument that starts with a \fB\(mi\fR, or is a \fB!\fR or a \fB(\fR,
138 and all subsequent arguments are interpreted as an \fIexpression\fR made up of
139 the following primaries and operators. In the descriptions, wherever \fIn\fR is
140 used as a primary argument, it is interpreted as a decimal integer optionally
141 preceded by a plus (\fB+\fR) or minus (\fB\(mi\fR) sign, as follows:
142 .sp
143 .ne 2
144 .na
145 \fB+\fIn\fR\fR
146 .ad
147 .RS 6n
148 more than \fIn\fR
149 .RE
150
151 .sp
152 .ne 2
153 .na
154 \fB\fIn\fR\fR
155 .ad
156 .RS 6n
157 exactly \fIn\fR
158 .RE
159
160 .sp
161 .ne 2
162 .na
163 \fB-\fIn\fR\fR
164 .ad
165 .RS 6n
166 less than \fIn\fR
167 .RE
168
169 .RE
170
171 .SS "Expressions"
172 .LP
173 Valid expressions are:
174 .sp
175 .ne 2
176 .na
177 \fB\fB-acl\fR\fR
178 .ad
179 .RS 17n
180 True if the file have additional ACLs defined.
181 .RE
182
183 .sp
184 .ne 2
185 .na
186 \fB\fB-amin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
187 .ad
188 .RS 17n
189 File was last accessed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
190 .RE
191
192 .sp
193 .ne 2
194 .na
195 \fB\fB-atime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
196 .ad
197 .RS 17n
198 True if the file was accessed \fIn\fR days ago. The access time of directories
199 in \fIpath\fR is changed by \fBfind\fR itself.
200 .RE
201
202 .sp
203 .ne 2
204 .na
205 \fB\fB-cmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
206 .ad
207 .RS 17n
208 File's status was last changed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
209 .RE
210
211 .sp
212 .ne 2
213 .na
214 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
215 .ad
216 .RS 17n
217 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
218 (5120-byte records).
219 .RE
220
221 .sp
222 .ne 2
223 .na
224 \fB\fB-ctime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
225 .ad
226 .RS 17n
227 True if the file's status was changed \fIn\fR days ago.
228 .RE
229
230 .sp
231 .ne 2
232 .na
233 \fB\fB-depth\fR\fR
234 .ad
235 .RS 17n
236 Always true. Causes descent of the directory hierarchy to be done so that all
237 entries in a directory are acted on before the directory itself. This can be
238 useful when \fBfind\fR is used with \fBcpio\fR(1) to transfer files that are
239 contained in directories without write permission.
240 .RE
241
242 .sp
243 .ne 2
244 .na
245 \fB\fB-exec\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
246 .ad
247 .RS 17n
248 True if the executed command returns a zero value as exit status. The end of
249 command must be punctuated by an escaped semicolon (\fB;\fR). A command
250 argument \fB{}\fR is replaced by the current pathname. If the last argument to
251 \fB-exec\fR is \fB{}\fR and you specify \fB+\fR rather than the semicolon
252 (\fB;\fR), the command is invoked fewer times, with \fB{}\fR replaced by groups
253 of pathnames. If any invocation of the command returns a non-zero value as exit
254 status, find returns a non-zero exit status.
255 .RE
256
257 .sp
258 .ne 2
259 .na
260 \fB\fB-follow\fR\fR
261 .ad
262 .RS 17n
263 Always true and always evaluated no matter where it appears in
264 \fIexpression\fR. The behavior is unspecified if \fB-follow\fR is used when the
265 \fBfind\fR command is invoked with either the \fB-H\fR or the \fB-L\fR option.
266 Causes symbolic links to be followed. When following symbolic links, \fBfind\fR
267 keeps track of the directories visited so that it can detect infinite loops.
268 For example, such a loop would occur if a symbolic link pointed to an ancestor.
269 This expression should not be used with the find-type \fBl\fR expression. See
270 \fBNOTES\fR.
271 .RE
272
273 .sp
274 .ne 2
275 .na
276 \fB\fB-fstype\fR \fItype\fR\fR
277 .ad
278 .RS 17n
279 True if the filesystem to which the file belongs is of type \fItype\fR.
280 .RE
281
282 .sp
283 .ne 2
284 .na
285 \fB\fB-group\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
286 .ad
287 .RS 17n
288 True if the file belongs to the group \fIgname\fR. If \fIgname\fR is numeric
289 and there's no such group name, it is taken as a group \fBID\fR.
290 .RE
291
292 .sp
293 .ne 2
294 .na
295 \fB\fB-groupacl\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
296 .ad
297 .RS 17n
298 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the group \fIgname\fR.
299 If \fIgname\fR is numeric and there's no such group name, it is taken
300 as a group \fBID\fR.
301 .RE
302
303 .sp
304 .ne 2
305 .na
306 \fB\fB-iname\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
307 .ad
308 .RS 17n
309 Like \fB-name\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
310 .RE
311
312 .sp
313 .ne 2
314 .na
315 \fB\fB-inum\fR \fIn\fR\fR
316 .ad
317 .RS 17n
318 True if the file has inode number \fIn\fR.
319 .RE
320
321 .sp
322 .ne 2
323 .na
324 \fB\fB-ipath\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
325 .ad
326 .RS 17n
327 Like \fB-path\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
328 .RE
329
330 .sp
331 .ne 2
332 .na
333 \fB\fB-iregex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
334 .ad
335 .RS 17n
336 Like \fB-regex\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
337 .RE
338
339 .sp
340 .ne 2
341 .na
342 \fB\fB-links\fR \fIn\fR\fR
343 .ad
344 .RS 17n
345 True if the file has \fIn\fR links.
346 .RE
347
348 .sp
349 .ne 2
350 .na
351 \fB\fB-local\fR\fR
352 .ad
353 .RS 17n
354 True if the file system type is not a remote file system type as defined in the
355 \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file. \fBnfs\fR is used as the default remote filesystem
356 type if the \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file is not present. The \fB-local\fR option
357 descends the hierarchy of non-local directories. See \fBEXAMPLES\fR for an
358 example of how to search for local files without descending.
359 .RE
360
361 .sp
362 .ne 2
363 .na
364 \fB\fB-ls\fR\fR
365 .ad
366 .RS 17n
367 Always true. Prints current pathname together with its associated statistics.
368 These include (respectively):
369 .RS +4
370 .TP
371 .ie t \(bu
372 .el o
373 inode number
374 .RE
375 .RS +4
376 .TP
377 .ie t \(bu
378 .el o
379 size in kilobytes (1024 bytes)
380 .RE
381 .RS +4
382 .TP
383 .ie t \(bu
384 .el o
385 protection mode
386 .RE
387 .RS +4
388 .TP
389 .ie t \(bu
390 .el o
391 number of hard links
392 .RE
393 .RS +4
394 .TP
395 .ie t \(bu
396 .el o
397 user
398 .RE
399 .RS +4
400 .TP
401 .ie t \(bu
402 .el o
403 group
404 .RE
405 .RS +4
406 .TP
407 .ie t \(bu
408 .el o
409 size in bytes
410 .RE
411 .RS +4
412 .TP
413 .ie t \(bu
414 .el o
415 modification time.
416 .RE
417 If the file is a special file, the size field instead contains the major and
418 minor device numbers.
419 .sp
420 If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file is printed
421 preceded by `\fB\(->\fR\&'. The format is identical to that of \fBls\fR
422 \fB-gilds\fR (see \fBls\fR(1B)).
423 .sp
424 Formatting is done internally, without executing the \fBls\fR program.
425 .RE
426
427 .sp
428 .ne 2
429 .na
430 \fB\fB-maxdepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
431 .ad
432 .RS 17n
433 Always true; descend at most \fIn\fR directory levels below the command
434 line arguments. If any \fB-maxdepth\fR primary is specified, it
435 applies to the entire expression even if it would not normally be
436 evaluated. \fB-maxdepth 0\fR limits the whole search to
437 the command line arguments.
438 .RE
439
440 .sp
441 .ne 2
442 .na
443 \fB\fB-mindepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
444 .ad
445 .RS 17n
446 Always true; do not apply any tests or actions at levels less
447 than \fIn\fR. If any \fB-mindepth\fR primary is specified, it applies to the
448 entire expression even if it would not normally be evaluated.
449 \fB-mindepth 1\fR processes all but the command line arguments.
450 .RE
451
452 .sp
453 .ne 2
454 .na
455 \fB\fB-mmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
456 .ad
457 .RS 17n
458 File's data was last modified \fIn\fR minutes ago.
459 .RE
460
461 .sp
462 .ne 2
463 .na
464 \fB\fB-mount\fR\fR
465 .ad
466 .RS 17n
467 Always true. Restricts the search to the file system containing the directory
468 specified. Does not list mount points to other file systems.
469 .RE
470
471 .sp
472 .ne 2
473 .na
474 \fB\fB-mtime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
475 .ad
476 .RS 17n
477 True if the file's data was modified \fIn\fR days ago.
478 .RE
479
480 .sp
481 .ne 2
482 .na
483 \fB\fB-name\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
484 .ad
485 .RS 17n
486 True if \fIpattern\fR matches the basename of the current file name. Normal
487 shell file name generation characters (see \fBsh\fR(1)) can be used. A
488 backslash (\fB\|\e\|\fR) is used as an escape character within the pattern. The
489 pattern should be escaped or quoted when \fBfind\fR is invoked from the shell.
490 .sp
491 Unless the character '\fB\&.\fR' is explicitly specified in the beginning of
492 \fIpattern\fR, a current file name beginning with '\fB\&.\fR' does not match
493 \fIpattern\fR when using \fB/usr/bin/find\fR. \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/find\fR does not
494 make this distinction; wildcard file name generation characters can match file
495 names beginning with '\fB\&.\fR'.
496 .RE
497
498 .sp
499 .ne 2
500 .na
501 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
502 .ad
503 .RS 17n
504 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
505 format (5120 byte records).
506 .RE
507
508 .sp
509 .ne 2
510 .na
511 \fB\fB-newer\fR \fIfile\fR\fR
512 .ad
513 .RS 17n
514 True if the current file has been modified more recently than the argument
515 \fIfile\fR.
516 .RE
517
518 .sp
519 .ne 2
520 .na
521 \fB\fB-nogroup\fR\fR
522 .ad
523 .RS 17n
524 True if the file belongs to non-existing group.
525 .RE
526
527 .sp
528 .ne 2
529 .na
530 \fB\fB-nouser\fR\fR
531 .ad
532 .RS 17n
533 True if the file belongs to non-existing user.
534 .RE
535
536 .sp
537 .ne 2
538 .na
539 \fB\fB-ok\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
540 .ad
541 .RS 17n
542 Like \fB-exec\fR, except that the generated command line is printed with a
543 question mark first, and is executed only if the response is affirmative.
544 .RE
545
546 .sp
547 .ne 2
548 .na
549 \fB\fB-path\fR\fR
550 .ad
551 .RS 17n
552 Like \fB-name\fR, but matches the entire file path and not just basename.
553 .RE
554
555 .sp
556 .ne 2
557 .na
558 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fImode\fR\fR
559 .ad
560 .RS 17n
561 The \fImode\fR argument is used to represent file mode bits. It is identical in
562 format to the symbolic mode operand, \fIsymbolic_mode_list\fR, described in
563 \fBchmod\fR(1), and is interpreted as follows. To start, a template is assumed
564 with all file mode bits cleared. An \fIop\fR symbol of:
565 .sp
566 .ne 2
567 .na
568 \fB\fB+\fR\fR
569 .ad
570 .RS 8n
571 Set the appropriate mode bits in the template
572 .RE
573
574 .sp
575 .ne 2
576 .na
577 \fB\fB\(mi\fR\fR
578 .ad
579 .RS 8n
580 Clear the appropriate bits
581 .RE
582
583 .sp
584 .ne 2
585 .na
586 \fB\fB=\fR\fR
587 .ad
588 .RS 8n
589 Set the appropriate mode bits, without regard to the contents of the file mode
590 creation mask of the process
591 .RE
592
593 The \fIop\fR symbol of \fB\(mi\fR cannot be the first character of \fImode\fR,
594 to avoid ambiguity with the optional leading hyphen. Since the initial mode is
595 all bits off, there are no symbolic modes that need to use \fB\(mi\fR as the
596 first character.
597 .sp
598 If the hyphen is omitted, the primary evaluates as true when the file
599 permission bits exactly match the value of the resulting template.
600 .sp
601 Otherwise, if \fImode\fR is prefixed by a hyphen, the primary evaluates as true
602 if at least all the bits in the resulting template are set in the file
603 permission bits.
604 .RE
605
606 .sp
607 .ne 2
608 .na
609 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fIonum\fR\fR
610 .ad
611 .RS 17n
612 True if the file permission flags exactly match the octal number \fIonum\fR
613 (see \fBchmod\fR(1)). If \fIonum\fR is prefixed by a minus sign (\fB\(mi\fR),
614 only the bits that are set in \fIonum\fR are compared with the file permission
615 flags, and the expression evaluates true if they match.
616 .RE
617
618 .sp
619 .ne 2
620 .na
621 \fB\fB-print\fR\fR
622 .ad
623 .RS 17n
624 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed.
625 .RE
626
627 .sp
628 .ne 2
629 .na
630 \fB\fB-print0\fR\fR
631 .ad
632 .RS 17n
633 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed, terminated by an ASCII
634 NUL character (character code 0) instead of a newline.
635 .RE
636
637 .sp
638 .ne 2
639 .na
640 \fB\fB-prune\fR\fR
641 .ad
642 .RS 17n
643 Always yields true. Does not examine any directories or files in the directory
644 structure below the \fIpattern\fR just matched. (See EXAMPLES). If \fB-depth\fR
645 is specified, \fB-prune\fR has no effect.
646 .RE
647
648 .sp
649 .ne 2
650 .na
651 \fB\fB-regex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fB
652 .ad
653 .RS 17n
654 True if the full path of the file matches \fIpattern\fR using regular
655 expressions.
656 .RE
657
658 .sp
659 .ne 2
660 .na
661 \fB\fB-size\fR \fIn\fR[\fBc\fR]\fR
662 .ad
663 .RS 17n
664 True if the file is \fIn\fR blocks long (512 bytes per block). If \fIn\fR is
665 followed by a \fBc\fR, the size is in bytes.
666 .RE
667
668 .sp
669 .ne 2
670 .na
671 \fB\fB-type\fR \fIc\fR\fR
672 .ad
673 .RS 17n
674 True if the type of the file is \fIc\fR, where \fIc\fR is \fBb\fR, \fBc\fR,
675 \fBd\fR, \fBD\fR, \fBf\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBp\fR, or \fBs\fR for block special file,
676 character special file, directory, door, plain file, symbolic link, fifo (named
677 pipe), or socket, respectively.
678 .RE
679
680 .sp
681 .ne 2
682 .na
683 \fB\fB-user\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
684 .ad
685 .RS 17n
686 True if the file belongs to the user \fIuname\fR. If \fIuname\fR is numeric and
687 there's no such user name, it is taken as a user \fBID\fR.
688 .RE
689
690 .sp
691 .ne 2
692 .na
693 \fB\fB-useracl\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
694 .ad
695 .RS 17n
696 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the user \fIuname\fR.
697 If \fIuname\fR is numeric and there's no such user name, it is
698 taken as a user \fBID\fR.
699 .RE
700
701 .sp
702 .ne 2
703 .na
704 \fB\fB-xdev\fR\fR
705 .ad
706 .RS 17n
707 Same as the \fB-mount\fR primary.
708 .RE
709
710 .sp
711 .ne 2
712 .na
713 \fB\fB-xattr\fR\fR
714 .ad
715 .RS 17n
716 True if the file has extended attributes.
717 .RE
718
719 .SS "Complex Expressions"
720 .LP
721 The primaries can be combined using the following operators (in order of
722 decreasing precedence):
723 .sp
724 .ne 2
725 .na
726 \fB1)\fB(\fR\fIexpression\fR\fB)\fR\fR
727 .ad
728 .sp .6
729 .RS 4n
730 True if the parenthesized expression is true (parentheses are special to the
731 shell and must be escaped).
732 .RE
733
734 .sp
735 .ne 2
736 .na
737 \fB2)\fB!\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
738 .ad
739 .sp .6
740 .RS 4n
741 The negation of a primary (\fB!\fR is the unary \fInot\fR operator).
742 .RE
743
744 .sp
745 .ne 2
746 .na
747 \fB3) \fIexpression\fR\fB[\fR\fB-a\fR\fB]\fR \fIexpression\fR\fR
748 .ad
749 .sp .6
750 .RS 4n
751 Concatenation of primaries (the \fIand\fR operation is implied by the
752 juxtaposition of two primaries).
753 .RE
754
755 .sp
756 .ne 2
757 .na
758 \fB4) \fIexpression\fR\fB\fR\fB-o\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
759 .ad
760 .sp .6
761 .RS 4n
762 Alternation of primaries (\fB-o\fR is the \fIor\fR operator).
763 .RE
764
765 .sp
766 .LP
767 When you use \fBfind\fR in conjunction with \fBcpio\fR, if you use the \fB-L\fR
768 option with \fBcpio\fR, you must use the \fB-L\fR option or the \fB-follow\fR
769 primitive with \fBfind\fR and vice versa. Otherwise the results are
770 unspecified.
771 .sp
772 .LP
773 If no \fIexpression\fR is present, \fB-print\fR is used as the expression.
774 Otherwise, if the specified expression does not contain any of the primaries
775 \fB-exec\fR, \fB-ok\fR, \fB-ls\fR, or \fB-print\fR, the specified expression is
776 effectively replaced by:
777 .sp
778 .LP
779 (\fIspecified\fR) \fB-print\fR
780 .sp
781 .LP
782 The \fB-user\fR, \fB-group\fR, and \fB-newer\fR primaries each evaluate their
783 respective arguments only once. Invocation of \fIcommand\fR specified by
784 \fB-exec\fR or \fB-ok\fR does not affect subsequent primaries on the same file.
785 .SH USAGE
786 .LP
787 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBfind\fR when
788 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte (2^31 bytes).
789 .SH EXAMPLES
790 .LP
791 \fBExample 1 \fRWriting Out the Hierarchy Directory
792 .sp
793 .LP
794 The following commands are equivalent:
795
796 .sp
797 .in +2
798 .nf
799 example% \fBfind .\fR
800 example% \fBfind . -print\fR
801 .fi
802 .in -2
803 .sp
804
805 .sp
806 .LP
807 They both write out the entire directory hierarchy from the current directory.
808
809 .LP
810 \fBExample 2 \fRRemoving Files
811 .sp
812 .LP
813 The following command removes all files in your home directory named \fBa.out\fR
814 or \fB*.o\fR that have not been accessed for a week:
815
816 .sp
817 .in +2
818 .nf
819 example% \fBfind $HOME \e( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \e) \e
820 -atime +7 -exec rm {} \e;\fR
821 .fi
822 .in -2
823 .sp
824
825 .LP
826 \fBExample 3 \fRPrinting All File Names But Skipping SCCS Directories
827 .sp
828 .LP
829 The following command recursively print all file names in the current directory
830 and below, but skipping \fBSCCS\fR directories:
831
832 .sp
833 .in +2
834 .nf
835 example% \fBfind . -name SCCS -prune -o -print\fR
836 .fi
837 .in -2
838 .sp
839
840 .LP
841 \fBExample 4 \fRPrinting all file names and the SCCS directory name
842 .sp
843 .LP
844 Recursively print all file names in the current directory and below, skipping
845 the contents of \fBSCCS\fR directories, but printing out the \fBSCCS\fR
846 directory name:
847
848 .sp
849 .in +2
850 .nf
851 example% \fBfind . -print -name SCCS -prune\fR
852 .fi
853 .in -2
854 .sp
855
856 .LP
857 \fBExample 5 \fRTesting for the Newer File
858 .sp
859 .LP
860 The following command is basically equivalent to the \fB-nt\fR extension to
861 \fBtest\fR(1):
862
863 .sp
864 .in +2
865 .nf
866 example$ \fBif [ -n "$(find
867 file1 -prune -newer file2)" ]; then
868
869 printf %s\e\en "file1 is newer than file2"\fR
870 .fi
871 .in -2
872 .sp
873
874 .LP
875 \fBExample 6 \fRSelecting a File Using 24-hour Mode
876 .sp
877 .LP
878 The descriptions of \fB-atime\fR, \fB-ctime\fR, and \fB-mtime\fR use the
879 terminology \fIn\fR ``24-hour periods''. For example, a file accessed at 23:59
880 is selected by:
881
882 .sp
883 .in +2
884 .nf
885 example% \fBfind . -atime -1 -print\fR
886 .fi
887 .in -2
888 .sp
889
890 .sp
891 .LP
892 at 00:01 the next day (less than 24 hours later, not more than one day ago).
893 The midnight boundary between days has no effect on the 24-hour calculation.
894
895 .LP
896 \fBExample 7 \fRPrinting Files Matching a User's Permission Mode
897 .sp
898 .LP
899 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission mode
900 exactly matches read, write, and execute access for user, and read and execute
901 access for group and other:
902
903 .sp
904 .in +2
905 .nf
906 example% \fBfind . -perm u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx\fR
907 .fi
908 .in -2
909 .sp
910
911 .sp
912 .LP
913 The above could alternatively be specified as follows:
914
915 .sp
916 .in +2
917 .nf
918 example% \fBfind . -perm a=rwx,g-w,o-w\fR
919 .fi
920 .in -2
921 .sp
922
923 .LP
924 \fBExample 8 \fRPrinting Files with Write Access for \fBother\fR
925 .sp
926 .LP
927 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission
928 includes, but is not limited to, write access for other:
929
930 .sp
931 .in +2
932 .nf
933 example% \fBfind . -perm -o+w\fR
934 .fi
935 .in -2
936 .sp
937
938 .LP
939 \fBExample 9 \fRPrinting Local Files without Descending Non-local Directories
940 .sp
941 .in +2
942 .nf
943 example% \fBfind . ! -local -prune -o -print\fR
944 .fi
945 .in -2
946 .sp
947
948 .LP
949 \fBExample 10 \fRPrinting the Files in the Name Space Possessing Extended
950 Attributes
951 .sp
952 .in +2
953 .nf
954 example% \fBfind . -xattr\fR
955 .fi
956 .in -2
957 .sp
958
959 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
960 .LP
961 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
962 that affect the execution of \fBfind\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
963 \fBLC_COLLATE\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
964 .sp
965 .ne 2
966 .na
967 \fB\fBPATH\fR\fR
968 .ad
969 .RS 8n
970 Determine the location of the \fIutility_name\fR for the \fB-exec\fR and
971 \fB-ok\fR primaries.
972 .RE
973
974 .sp
975 .LP
976 Affirmative responses are processed using the extended regular expression
977 defined for the \fByesexpr\fR keyword in the \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR category of the
978 user's locale. The locale specified in the \fBLC_COLLATE\fR category defines
979 the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes, and multi-character collating
980 elements used in the expression defined for \fByesexpr\fR. The locale specified
981 in \fBLC_CTYPE\fR determines the locale for interpretation of sequences of
982 bytes of text data a characters, the behavior of character classes used in the
983 expression defined for the \fByesexpr\fR. See \fBlocale\fR(5).
984 .SH EXIT STATUS
985 .LP
986 The following exit values are returned:
987 .sp
988 .ne 2
989 .na
990 \fB\fB0\fR\fR
991 .ad
992 .RS 6n
993 All \fIpath\fR operands were traversed successfully.
994 .RE
995
996 .sp
997 .ne 2
998 .na
999 \fB\fB>0\fR\fR
1000 .ad
1001 .RS 6n
1002 An error occurred.
1003 .RE
1004
1005 .SH FILES
1006 .ne 2
1007 .na
1008 \fB\fB/etc/passwd\fR\fR
1009 .ad
1010 .RS 20n
1011 Password file
1012 .RE
1013
1014 .sp
1015 .ne 2
1016 .na
1017 \fB\fB/etc/group\fR\fR
1018 .ad
1019 .RS 20n
1020 Group file
1021 .RE
1022
1023 .sp
1024 .ne 2
1025 .na
1026 \fB\fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR\fR
1027 .ad
1028 .RS 20n
1029 File that registers distributed file system packages
1030 .RE
1031
1032 .SH ATTRIBUTES
1033 .LP
1034 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
1035 .sp
1036
1037 .sp
1038 .TS
1039 box;
1040 c | c
1041 l | l .
1042 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
1043 _
1044 CSI Enabled
1045 _
1046 Interface Stability Committed
1047 _
1048 Standard See \fBstandards\fR(5).
1049 .TE
1050
1051 .SH SEE ALSO
1052 .LP
1053 \fBchmod\fR(1), \fBcpio\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), \fBtest\fR(1), \fBls\fR(1B),
1054 \fBacl\fR(5), \fBregex\fR(5), \fBstat\fR(2), \fBumask\fR(2),
1055 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBfsattr\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5),
1056 \fBlocale\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)
1057 .SH WARNINGS
1058 .LP
1059 The following options are obsolete and will not be supported in future
1060 releases:
1061 .sp
1062 .ne 2
1063 .na
1064 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1065 .ad
1066 .RS 17n
1067 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
1068 (5120-byte records).
1069 .RE
1070
1071 .sp
1072 .ne 2
1073 .na
1074 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1075 .ad
1076 .RS 17n
1077 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
1078 format (5120-byte records).
1079 .RE
1080
1081 .SH NOTES
1082 .LP
1083 When using \fBfind\fR to determine files modified within a range of time, use
1084 the \fB-mtime\fR argument \fBbefore\fR the \fB-print\fR argument. Otherwise,
1085 \fBfind\fR gives all files.
1086 .sp
1087 .LP
1088 Some files that might be under the Solaris root file system are actually mount
1089 points for virtual file systems, such as \fBmntfs\fR or \fBnamefs\fR. When
1090 comparing against a \fBufs\fR file system, such files are not selected if
1091 \fB-mount\fR or \fB-xdev\fR is specified in the \fBfind\fR expression.
1092 .sp
1093 .LP
1094 Using the \fB-L\fR or \fB-follow\fR option is not recommended when descending a
1095 file-system hierarchy that is under the control of other users. In particular,
1096 when using \fB-exec\fR, symbolic links can lead the \fBfind\fR command out of
1097 the hierarchy in which it started. Using \fB-type\fR is not sufficient to
1098 restrict the type of files on which the \fB-exec\fR command operates, because
1099 there is an inherent race condition between the type-check performed by the
1100 \fBfind\fR command and the time the executed command operates on the file
1101 argument.