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  12 .TH FGREP 1 "May 3, 2013"
  13 .SH NAME
  14 fgrep \- search a file for a fixed-character string
  15 .SH SYNOPSIS
  16 .LP
  17 .nf
  18 \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bcHhilnqsvx\fR] \fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR [\fIfile...\fR]
  19 .fi
  20 
  21 .LP
  22 .nf
  23 \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bcHhilnqsvx\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIfile\fR [\fIfile...\fR]
  24 .fi
  25 
  26 .LP
  27 .nf
  28 \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bcHhilnqsvx\fR] \fIpattern\fR [\fIfile...\fR]
  29 .fi
  30 
  31 .LP
  32 .nf
  33 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bcHhilnqsvx\fR] \fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR [\fB-f\fR \fIfile\fR]
  34      [\fIfile...\fR]
  35 .fi
  36 
  37 .LP
  38 .nf
  39 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bcHhilnqsvx\fR] [\fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIfile\fR
  40      [\fIfile...\fR]
  41 .fi
  42 
  43 .LP
  44 .nf
  45 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bcHhilnqsvx\fR] \fIpattern\fR [\fIfile...\fR]
  46 .fi
  47 
  48 .SH DESCRIPTION
  49 .sp
  50 .LP
  51 The \fBfgrep\fR (fast \fBgrep\fR) utility searches files for a character string
  52 and prints all lines that contain that string. \fBfgrep\fR is different from
  53 \fBgrep\fR(1) and from \fBegrep\fR(1) because it searches for a string, instead
  54 of searching for a pattern that matches an expression. \fBfgrep\fR uses a fast
  55 and compact algorithm.
  56 .sp
  57 .LP
  58 The characters \fB$\fR, \fB*\fR, \fB[\fR, \fB^\fR, |, \fB(\fR, \fB)\fR, and
  59 \fB\e\fR are interpreted literally by \fBfgrep\fR, that is, \fBfgrep\fR does
  60 not recognize full regular expressions as does \fBegrep\fR. These characters
  61 have special meaning to the shell. Therefore, to be safe, enclose the entire
  62 \fIstring\fR within single quotes (\fBa\'\fR).
  63 .sp
  64 .LP
  65 If no files are specified, \fBfgrep\fR assumes standard input. Normally, each
  66 line that is found is copied to the standard output. The file name is printed
  67 before each line that is found if there is more than one input file.
  68 .SH OPTIONS
  69 .sp
  70 .LP
  71 The following options are supported for both \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR and
  72 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR:
  73 .sp
  74 .ne 2
  75 .na
  76 \fB\fB-b\fR\fR
  77 .ad
  78 .RS 19n
  79 Precedes each line by the block number on which the line was found. This can be
  80 useful in locating block numbers by context. The first block is 0.
  81 .RE
  82 
  83 .sp
  84 .ne 2
  85 .na
  86 \fB\fB-c\fR\fR
  87 .ad
  88 .RS 19n
  89 Prints only a count of the lines that contain the pattern.
  90 .RE
  91 
  92 .sp
  93 .ne 2
  94 .na
  95 \fB\fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR\fR
  96 .ad
  97 .RS 19n
  98 Searches for a \fIstring\fR in \fIpattern-list\fR. This is useful when the
  99 \fIstring\fR begins with a \fB\(mi\fR\&.
 100 .RE
 101 
 102 .sp
 103 .ne 2
 104 .na
 105 \fB\fB-f\fR \fIpattern-file\fR\fR
 106 .ad
 107 .RS 19n
 108 Takes the list of patterns from \fIpattern-file\fR.
 109 .RE
 110 
 111 .sp
 112 .ne 2
 113 .na
 114 \fB\fB-H\fR\fR
 115 .ad
 116 .RS 19n
 117 Precedes each line by the name of the file containing the matching line.
 118 .RE
 119 
 120 .sp
 121 .ne 2
 122 .na
 123 \fB\fB-h\fR\fR
 124 .ad
 125 .RS 19n
 126 Suppresses printing of files when searching multiple files.
 127 .RE
 128 
 129 .sp
 130 .ne 2
 131 .na
 132 \fB\fB-i\fR\fR
 133 .ad
 134 .RS 19n
 135 Ignores upper/lower case distinction during comparisons.
 136 .RE
 137 
 138 .sp
 139 .ne 2
 140 .na
 141 \fB\fB-l\fR\fR
 142 .ad
 143 .RS 19n
 144 Prints the names of files with matching lines once, separated by new-lines.
 145 Does not repeat the names of files when the pattern is found more than once.
 146 .RE
 147 
 148 .sp
 149 .ne 2
 150 .na
 151 \fB\fB-n\fR\fR
 152 .ad
 153 .RS 19n
 154 Precedes each line by its line number in the file. The first line is 1.
 155 .RE
 156 
 157 .sp
 158 .ne 2
 159 .na
 160 \fB\fB-q\fR\fR
 161 .ad
 162 .RS 19n
 163 Quiet. Does not write anything to the standard output, regardless of matching
 164 lines. Exits with zero status if an input line is selected.
 165 .RE
 166 
 167 .sp
 168 .ne 2
 169 .na
 170 \fB\fB-s\fR\fR
 171 .ad
 172 .RS 19n
 173 Legacy equivalent of \fB-q\fR.
 174 .RE
 175 
 176 .sp
 177 .ne 2
 178 .na
 179 \fB\fB-v\fR\fR
 180 .ad
 181 .RS 19n
 182 Prints all lines except those that contain the pattern.
 183 .RE
 184 
 185 .sp
 186 .ne 2
 187 .na
 188 \fB\fB-x\fR\fR
 189 .ad
 190 .RS 19n
 191 Prints only lines that are matched entirely.
 192 .RE
 193 
 194 .SH OPERANDS
 195 .sp
 196 .LP
 197 The following operands are supported:
 198 .sp
 199 .ne 2
 200 .na
 201 \fB\fIfile\fR\fR
 202 .ad
 203 .RS 8n
 204 Specifies a path name of a file to be searched for the patterns. If no
 205 \fIfile\fR operands are specified, the standard input will be used.
 206 .RE
 207 
 208 .SS "/usr/bin/fgrep"
 209 .sp
 210 .ne 2
 211 .na
 212 \fB\fIpattern\fR\fR
 213 .ad
 214 .RS 11n
 215 Specifies a pattern to be used during the search for input.
 216 .RE
 217 
 218 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep"
 219 .sp
 220 .ne 2
 221 .na
 222 \fB\fIpattern\fR\fR
 223 .ad
 224 .RS 11n
 225 Specifies one or more patterns to be used during the search for input. This
 226 operand is treated as if it were specified as \fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR.
 227 .RE
 228 
 229 .SH USAGE
 230 .sp
 231 .LP
 232 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBfgrep\fR when
 233 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes).
 234 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
 235 .sp
 236 .LP
 237 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
 238 that affect the execution of \fBfgrep\fR: \fBLC_COLLATE\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR,
 239 \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
 240 .SH EXIT STATUS
 241 .sp
 242 .LP
 243 The following exit values are returned:
 244 .sp
 245 .ne 2
 246 .na
 247 \fB\fB0\fR\fR
 248 .ad
 249 .RS 5n
 250 If any matches are found
 251 .RE
 252 
 253 .sp
 254 .ne 2
 255 .na
 256 \fB\fB1\fR\fR
 257 .ad
 258 .RS 5n
 259 If no matches are found
 260 .RE
 261 
 262 .sp
 263 .ne 2
 264 .na
 265 \fB\fB2\fR\fR
 266 .ad
 267 .RS 5n
 268 For syntax errors or inaccessible files, even if matches were found.
 269 .RE
 270 
 271 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep"
 272 .sp
 273 
 274 .SH ATTRIBUTES
 275 .sp
 276 .LP
 277 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
 278 .sp
 279 .TS
 280 box;
 281 c | c
 282 l | l .
 283 ATTRIBUTE TYPE  ATTRIBUTE VALUE
 284 _
 285 CSI     Enabled
 286 .TE
 287 
 288 .SH SEE ALSO
 289 .sp
 290 .LP
 291 \fBed\fR(1), \fBegrep\fR(1), \fBgrep\fR(1), \fBsed\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1),
 292 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5), \fBXPG4\fR(5)
 293 .SH NOTES
 294 .sp
 295 .LP
 296 Ideally, there should be only one \fBgrep\fR command, but there is not a single
 297 algorithm that spans a wide enough range of space-time tradeoffs.
 298 .sp
 299 .LP
 300 Lines are limited only by the size of the available virtual memory.
 301 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep"
 302 .sp
 303 .LP
 304 The \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR utility is identical to \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/grep\fR
 305 \fB-F\fR (see \fBgrep\fR(1)). Portable applications should use
 306 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/grep\fR \fB-F\fR.