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Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. 8 .\" This notice shall appear on any product containing this material. 9 .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). 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If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 12 .TH FGREP 1 "Mar 24, 2006" 13 .SH NAME 14 fgrep \- search a file for a fixed-character string 15 .SH SYNOPSIS 16 .LP 17 .nf 18 \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bchilnsvx\fR] \fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR [\fIfile...\fR] 19 .fi 20 21 .LP 22 .nf 23 \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bchilnsvx\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIfile\fR [\fIfile...\fR] 24 .fi 25 26 .LP 27 .nf 28 \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bchilnsvx\fR] \fIpattern\fR [\fIfile...\fR] 29 .fi 30 31 .LP 32 .nf 33 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bchilnqsvx\fR] \fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR [\fB-f\fR \fIfile\fR] 34 [\fIfile...\fR] 35 .fi 36 37 .LP 38 .nf 39 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bchilnqsvx\fR] [\fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR] \fB-f\fR \fIfile\fR 40 [\fIfile...\fR] 41 .fi 42 43 .LP 44 .nf 45 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR [\fB-bchilnqsvx\fR] \fIpattern\fR [\fIfile...\fR] 46 .fi 47 48 .SH DESCRIPTION 49 .sp 50 .LP 51 The \fBfgrep\fR (fast \fBgrep\fR) utility searches files for a character string 52 and prints all lines that contain that string. \fBfgrep\fR is different from 53 \fBgrep\fR(1) and from \fBegrep\fR(1) because it searches for a string, instead 54 of searching for a pattern that matches an expression. \fBfgrep\fR uses a fast 55 and compact algorithm. 56 .sp 57 .LP 58 The characters \fB$\fR, \fB*\fR, \fB[\fR, \fB^\fR, |, \fB(\fR, \fB)\fR, and 59 \fB\e\fR are interpreted literally by \fBfgrep\fR, that is, \fBfgrep\fR does 60 not recognize full regular expressions as does \fBegrep\fR. These characters 61 have special meaning to the shell. Therefore, to be safe, enclose the entire 62 \fIstring\fR within single quotes (\fBa\'\fR). 63 .sp 64 .LP 65 If no files are specified, \fBfgrep\fR assumes standard input. Normally, each 66 line that is found is copied to the standard output. The file name is printed 67 before each line that is found if there is more than one input file. 68 .SH OPTIONS 69 .sp 70 .LP 71 The following options are supported for both \fB/usr/bin/fgrep\fR and 72 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR: 73 .sp 74 .ne 2 75 .na 76 \fB\fB-b\fR\fR 77 .ad 78 .RS 19n 79 Precedes each line by the block number on which the line was found. This can be 80 useful in locating block numbers by context. The first block is 0. 81 .RE 82 83 .sp 84 .ne 2 85 .na 86 \fB\fB-c\fR\fR 87 .ad 88 .RS 19n 89 Prints only a count of the lines that contain the pattern. 90 .RE 91 92 .sp 93 .ne 2 94 .na 95 \fB\fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR\fR 96 .ad 97 .RS 19n 98 Searches for a \fIstring\fR in \fIpattern-list\fR. This is useful when the 99 \fIstring\fR begins with a \fB\(mi\fR\&. 100 .RE 101 102 .sp 103 .ne 2 104 .na 105 \fB\fB-f\fR \fIpattern-file\fR\fR 106 .ad 107 .RS 19n 108 Takes the list of patterns from \fIpattern-file\fR. 109 .RE 110 111 .sp 112 .ne 2 113 .na 114 \fB\fB-h\fR\fR 115 .ad 116 .RS 19n 117 Suppresses printing of files when searching multiple files. 118 .RE 119 120 .sp 121 .ne 2 122 .na 123 \fB\fB-i\fR\fR 124 .ad 125 .RS 19n 126 Ignores upper/lower case distinction during comparisons. 127 .RE 128 129 .sp 130 .ne 2 131 .na 132 \fB\fB-l\fR\fR 133 .ad 134 .RS 19n 135 Prints the names of files with matching lines once, separated by new-lines. 136 Does not repeat the names of files when the pattern is found more than once. 137 .RE 138 139 .sp 140 .ne 2 141 .na 142 \fB\fB-n\fR\fR 143 .ad 144 .RS 19n 145 Precedes each line by its line number in the file. The first line is 1. 146 .RE 147 148 .sp 149 .ne 2 150 .na 151 \fB\fB-s\fR\fR 152 .ad 153 .RS 19n 154 Works silently, that is, displays nothing except error messages. This is useful 155 for checking the error status. 156 .RE 157 158 .sp 159 .ne 2 160 .na 161 \fB\fB-v\fR\fR 162 .ad 163 .RS 19n 164 Prints all lines except those that contain the pattern. 165 .RE 166 167 .sp 168 .ne 2 169 .na 170 \fB\fB-x\fR\fR 171 .ad 172 .RS 19n 173 Prints only lines that are matched entirely. 174 .RE 175 176 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep" 177 .sp 178 .LP 179 The following options are supported for \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR only: 180 .sp 181 .ne 2 182 .na 183 \fB\fB-q\fR\fR 184 .ad 185 .RS 6n 186 Quiet. Does not write anything to the standard output, regardless of matching 187 lines. Exits with zero status if an input line is selected. 188 .RE 189 190 .SH OPERANDS 191 .sp 192 .LP 193 The following operands are supported: 194 .sp 195 .ne 2 196 .na 197 \fB\fIfile\fR\fR 198 .ad 199 .RS 8n 200 Specifies a path name of a file to be searched for the patterns. If no 201 \fIfile\fR operands are specified, the standard input will be used. 202 .RE 203 204 .SS "/usr/bin/fgrep" 205 .sp 206 .ne 2 207 .na 208 \fB\fIpattern\fR\fR 209 .ad 210 .RS 11n 211 Specifies a pattern to be used during the search for input. 212 .RE 213 214 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep" 215 .sp 216 .ne 2 217 .na 218 \fB\fIpattern\fR\fR 219 .ad 220 .RS 11n 221 Specifies one or more patterns to be used during the search for input. This 222 operand is treated as if it were specified as \fB-e\fR \fIpattern_list\fR. 223 .RE 224 225 .SH USAGE 226 .sp 227 .LP 228 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBfgrep\fR when 229 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes). 230 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 231 .sp 232 .LP 233 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables 234 that affect the execution of \fBfgrep\fR: \fBLC_COLLATE\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, 235 \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR. 236 .SH EXIT STATUS 237 .sp 238 .LP 239 The following exit values are returned: 240 .sp 241 .ne 2 242 .na 243 \fB\fB0\fR\fR 244 .ad 245 .RS 5n 246 If any matches are found 247 .RE 248 249 .sp 250 .ne 2 251 .na 252 \fB\fB1\fR\fR 253 .ad 254 .RS 5n 255 If no matches are found 256 .RE 257 258 .sp 259 .ne 2 260 .na 261 \fB\fB2\fR\fR 262 .ad 263 .RS 5n 264 For syntax errors or inaccessible files, even if matches were found. 265 .RE 266 267 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep" 268 .sp 269 270 .SH ATTRIBUTES 271 .sp 272 .LP 273 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: 274 .sp 275 .TS 276 box; 277 c | c 278 l | l . 279 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE 280 _ 281 CSI Enabled 282 .TE 283 284 .SH SEE ALSO 285 .sp 286 .LP 287 \fBed\fR(1), \fBegrep\fR(1), \fBgrep\fR(1), \fBsed\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), 288 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5), \fBXPG4\fR(5) 289 .SH NOTES 290 .sp 291 .LP 292 Ideally, there should be only one \fBgrep\fR command, but there is not a single 293 algorithm that spans a wide enough range of space-time tradeoffs. 294 .sp 295 .LP 296 Lines are limited only by the size of the available virtual memory. 297 .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep" 298 .sp 299 .LP 300 The \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/fgrep\fR utility is identical to \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/grep\fR 301 \fB-F\fR (see \fBgrep\fR(1)). Portable applications should use 302 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/grep\fR \fB-F\fR.