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14 .Dd June 06, 2016
15 .Dt LIBPROC 3LIB
16 .Os
17 .Sh NAME
18 .Nm libproc
19 .Nd process control library
20 .Sh SYNOPSIS
21 .Lb libproc
22 .In libproc.h
23 .Sh DESCRIPTION
24 The
25 .Nm
26 library provides consumers a general series of interfaces to inspect
27 and control both live processes and core files.
28 It is intended for introspection tools such as debuggers by providing a
29 high-level interface to the /proc file system
30 .Pf ( Xr proc 4 ) .
31 .Pp
32 The
33 .Nm
34 library provides interfaces that focus on:
35 .Bl -bullet -offset indent
36 .It
37 Creating and attaching to live process, core files, and arbitrary ELF
38 objects.
39 .It
40 Interrogating the state of a process or core file.
41 .It
42 Manipulating the current state of a process or thread.
43 .It
44 Interrogating the state of threads of a process or core file.
45 .It
46 Running system calls in the context of another process.
47 .It
48 Various utilities for iterating process and core file file descriptors,
49 mappings, symbols, and more.
50 .It
51 Various utilities to support debugging tools.
52 .El
53 .Ss Live Processes
54 The
55 .Nm
56 library can be used to manipulate running processes and to create new
57 ones.
58 To manipulate an existing process first
59 .Em grab
60 it with the
61 .Em Pgrab
62 function.
63 A process is generally stopped as a side effect of grabbing it.
64 Callers must exercise caution, as if they do not use the library correctly, or
65 they terminate unexpectedly, a process may remain stopped.
66 .Pp
67 Unprivileged users may only grab their own processes.
68 Users with the privilege
69 .Sy PRIV_PROC_OWNER
70 may manipulate processes that they do not own; however, additional
71 restrictions as described in
72 .Xr privileges 5
73 apply.
74 .Pp
75 In addition, the
76 .Fn Pcreate
77 and
78 .Fn Pxcreate
79 functions may be used to create processes which are always controlled by
80 the library.
81 .Ss Core Files
82 The
83 .Nm
84 library has the ability to open and interpret core files produced by
85 processes on the system.
86 Process core dump generation is controlled by the
87 .Xr coreadm 1M
88 command.
89 In addition, the library has the ability to understand and interpret core dumps
90 generated by Linux kernel and can provide a subset of its functionality on such
91 core files, provided the original binary is also present.
92 .Pp
93 Not all functions in the
94 .Nm
95 library are valid for core files.
96 In general, none of the commands which manipulate the current state of a process
97 or thread or that try to force system calls on a victim process will work.
98 Furthermore several of the information and iteration interfaces are limited
99 based on the data that is available in the core file.
100 For example, if the core file is of a process that omits the frame pointer, the
101 ability to iterate the stack will be limited.
102 .Pp
103 Use the
104 .Fn Pgrab_core
105 or
106 .Fn Pfgrab_core
107 function to open a core file.
108 Use the
109 .Fn Pgrab_file
110 function to open an ELF object file.
111 This is useful for obtaining information stored in ELF headers and
112 sections.
113 .Ss Debug Information
114 Many of the operations in the library rely on debug information being
115 present in a process and its associated libraries.
116 The library leverages symbol table information, CTF data
117 .Pf ( Xr CTF 4 )
118 sections, and frame unwinding information based on the use of an ABI
119 defined frame pointer, eg.
120 .Sy %ebp
121 and
122 .Sy %rbp
123 on x86 systems.
124 .Pp
125 Some software providers strip programs of this information or build
126 their executables such that the information will not be present in a
127 core dump.
128 To deal with this fact, the library is able to consume information that is not
129 present in the core file or the running process.
130 It can both consume it from the underlying executable and it also supports
131 finding it from related ELF objects that are linked to it via the
132 .Sy .gnu_debuglink
133 and the
134 .Sy .note.gnu.build-id
135 ELF sections.
136 .Ss Iteration Interfaces
137 The
138 .Nm
139 library provides the ability to iterate over the following aspects of a
140 process or core file:
141 .Bl -bullet -offset indent
142 .It
143 Active threads
144 .It
145 Active and zombie threads
146 .It
147 All non-system processes
148 .It
149 All process mappings
150 .It
151 All objects in a process
152 .It
153 The environment
154 .It
155 The symbol table
156 .It
157 Stack frames
158 .It
159 File Descriptors
160 .El
161 .Ss System Call Injection
162 The
163 .Nm
164 library allows the caller to force system calls to be executed in the
165 context of the running process.
166 This can be used both as a tool for introspection, allowing one to get
167 information outside its current context as well as performing modifications to a
168 process.
169 .Pp
170 These functions run in the context of the calling process.
171 This is often an easier way of getting non-exported information about a
172 process from the system.
173 For example, the
174 .Xr pfiles 1
175 command uses this interface to get more detailed information about a
176 process's open file descriptors, which it would not have access to
177 otherwise.
178 .Sh INTERFACES
179 The shared object
180 .Sy libproc.so.1
181 provides the public interfaces defined below.
182 See
183 .Xr Intro 3
184 for additional information on shared object interfaces.
185 Functions are organized into categories that describe their purpose.
186 Individual functions are documented in their own manual pages.
187 .Ss Creation, Grabbing, and Releasing
188 The following routines are related to creating library handles,
189 grabbing cores, processes, and threads, and releasing those resources.
190 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
191 .It Sy Lfree Ta Sy Lgrab
192 .It Sy Lgrab_error Ta Sy Pcreate
193 .It Sy Pcreate_agent Ta Sy Pcreate_callback
194 .It Sy Pcreate_error Ta Sy Pdestroy_agent
195 .It Sy Pfgrab_core Ta Sy Pfree
196 .It Sy Pgrab Ta Sy Pgrab_core
197 .It Sy Pgrab_error Ta Sy Pgrab_file
198 .It Sy Pgrab_ops Ta Sy Prelease
199 .It Sy Preopen Ta Sy Pxcreate
200 .El
201 .Ss Process interrogation and manipulation
202 The following routines obtain information about a process and allow
203 manipulation of the process itself.
204 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
205 .It Sy Paddr_to_ctf Ta Sy Paddr_to_loadobj
206 .It Sy Paddr_to_map Ta Sy Paddr_to_text_map
207 .It Sy Pasfd Ta Sy Pclearfault
208 .It Sy Pclearsig Ta Sy Pcontent
209 .It Sy Pcred Ta Sy Pctlfd
210 .It Sy Pdelbkpt Ta Sy Pdelwapt
211 .It Sy Pdstop Ta Sy Pexecname
212 .It Sy Pfault Ta Sy Pfgcore
213 .It Sy Pgcore Ta Sy Pgetareg
214 .It Sy Pgetauxval Ta Sy Pgetauxvec
215 .It Sy Pgetenv Ta Sy Pisprocdir
216 .It Sy Pissyscall_prev Ta Sy Plmid
217 .It Sy Plmid_to_loadobj Ta Sy Plmid_to_map
218 .It Sy Plookup_by_addr Ta Sy Plookup_by_name
219 .It Sy Plwp_alt_stack Ta Sy Plwp_getfpregs
220 .It Sy Plwp_getpsinfo Ta Sy Plwp_getregs
221 .It Sy Plwp_getspymaster Ta Sy Plwp_main_stack
222 .It Sy Plwp_setfpregs Ta Sy Plwp_setregs
223 .It Sy Plwp_stack Ta Sy Pname_to_ctf
224 .It Sy Pname_to_loadobj Ta Sy Pname_to_map
225 .It Sy Pobjname Ta Sy Pobjname_resolved
226 .It Sy Pplatform Ta Sy Ppltdest
227 .It Sy Ppriv Ta Sy Ppsinfo
228 .It Sy Pputareg Ta Sy Prd_agent
229 .It Sy Pread Ta Sy Pread_string
230 .It Sy Preset_maps Ta Sy Psetbkpt
231 .It Sy Psecflags Ta Sy Psetcred
232 .It Sy Psetfault Ta Sy Psetflags
233 .It Sy Psetpriv Ta Sy Psetrun
234 .It Sy Psetsignal Ta Sy Psetsysentry
235 .It Sy Psetsysexit Ta Sy Psetwapt
236 .It Sy Psetzoneid Ta Sy Psignal
237 .It Sy Pstate Ta Sy Pstatus
238 .It Sy Pstop Ta Sy Pstopstatus
239 .It Sy Psync Ta Sy Psysentry
240 .It Sy Psysexit Ta Sy Puname
241 .It Sy Punsetflags Ta Sy Pupdate_maps
242 .It Sy Pupdate_syms Ta Sy Pwait
243 .It Sy Pwrite Ta Sy Pxecbkpt
244 .It Sy Pxecwapt Ta Sy Pxlookup_by_addr
245 .It Sy Pxlookup_by_addr_resolved Ta Sy Pxlookup_by_name
246 .It Sy Pzonename Ta Sy Pzonepath
247 .It Sy Pzoneroot Ta
248 .El
249 .Ss Thread interrogation and manipulation
250 The following routines obtain information about a thread and allow
251 manipulation of the thread itself.
252 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
253 .It Sy Lalt_stack Ta Sy Lclearfault
254 .It Sy Lclearsig Ta Sy Lctlfd
255 .It Sy Ldstop Ta Sy Lgetareg
256 .It Sy Lmain_stack Ta Sy Lprochandle
257 .It Sy Lpsinfo Ta Sy Lputareg
258 .It Sy Lsetrun Ta Sy Lstack
259 .It Sy Lstate Ta Sy Lstatus
260 .It Sy Lstop Ta Sy Lsync
261 .It Sy Lwait Ta Sy Lxecbkpt
262 .It Sy Lxecwapt Ta ""
263 .El
264 .Ss System Call Injection
265 The following routines are used to inject specific system calls and have
266 them run in the context of a process.
267 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
268 .It Sy pr_access Ta Sy pr_close
269 .It Sy pr_creat Ta Sy pr_door_info
270 .It Sy pr_exit Ta Sy pr_fcntl
271 .It Sy pr_fstat Ta Sy pr_fstat64
272 .It Sy pr_fstatvfs Ta Sy pr_getitimer
273 .It Sy pr_getpeername Ta Sy pr_getpeerucred
274 .It Sy pr_getprojid Ta Sy pr_getrctl
275 .It Sy pr_getrlimit Ta Sy pr_getrlimit64
276 .It Sy pr_getsockname Ta Sy pr_getsockopt
277 .It Sy pr_gettaskid Ta Sy pr_getzoneid
278 .It Sy pr_ioctl Ta Sy pr_link
279 .It Sy pr_llseek Ta Sy pr_lseek
280 .It Sy pr_lstat Ta Sy pr_lstat64
281 .It Sy pr_memcntl Ta Sy pr_meminfo
282 .It Sy pr_mmap Ta Sy pr_munmap
283 .It Sy pr_open Ta Sy pr_processor_bind
284 .It Sy pr_rename Ta Sy pr_setitimer
285 .It Sy pr_setrctl Ta Sy pr_setrlimit
286 .It Sy pr_setrlimit64 Ta Sy pr_settaskid
287 .It Sy pr_sigaction Ta Sy pr_stat
288 .It Sy pr_stat64 Ta Sy pr_statvfs
289 .It Sy pr_unlink Ta Sy pr_waitid
290 .El
291 .Ss Iteration routines
292 These routines are used to iterate over the contents of a process.
293 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
294 .It Sy Penv_iter Ta Sy Plwp_iter
295 .It Sy Plwp_iter_all Ta Sy Pmapping_iter
296 .It Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved Ta Sy Pobject_iter
297 .It Sy Pobject_iter_resolved Ta Sy Pstack_iter
298 .It Sy Psymbol_iter Ta Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr
299 .It Sy Psymbol_iter_by_lmid Ta Sy Psymbol_iter_by_name
300 .It Sy Pxsymbol_iter Ta Sy Pfdinfo_iter
301 .El
302 .Ss Utility routines
303 The following routines are utilities that are useful to consumers of the
304 library.
305 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
306 .It Sy Perror_printf Ta Sy proc_arg_grab
307 .It Sy proc_arg_psinfo Ta Sy proc_arg_xgrab
308 .It Sy proc_arg_xpsinfo Ta Sy proc_content2str
309 .It Sy proc_finistdio Ta Sy proc_fltname
310 .It Sy proc_fltset2str Ta Sy proc_flushstdio
311 .It Sy proc_get_auxv Ta Sy proc_get_cred
312 .It Sy proc_get_priv Ta Sy proc_get_psinfo
313 .It Sy proc_get_status Ta Sy proc_initstdio
314 .It Sy proc_lwp_in_set Ta Sy proc_lwp_range_valid
315 .It Sy proc_signame Ta Sy proc_sigset2str
316 .It Sy proc_str2content Ta Sy proc_str2flt
317 .It Sy proc_str2fltset Ta Sy proc_str2sig
318 .It Sy proc_str2sigset Ta Sy proc_str2sys
319 .It Sy proc_str2sysset Ta Sy proc_sysname
320 .It Sy proc_sysset2str Ta Sy proc_unctrl_psinfo
321 .It Sy proc_walk Ta ""
322 .El
323 .Ss x86 Specific Routines
324 The following routines are specific to the x86, 32-bit and 64-bit,
325 versions of the
326 .Nm
327 library.
328 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
329 .It Sy Pldt Ta Sy proc_get_ldt
330 .El
331 .Ss SPARC specific Routines
332 The following functions are specific to the SPARC, 32-bit and 64-bit,
333 versions of the
334 .Nm
335 library.
336 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
337 .It Sy Plwp_getgwindows Ta Sy Plwp_getxregs
338 .It Sy Plwp_setxregs Ta Sy ""
339 .El
340 .Pp
341 The following functions are specific to the 64-bit SPARC version of the
342 .Nm
343 library.
344 .Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy Pmapping_iter_resolved" ".Sy Psymbol_iter_by_addr"
345 .It Sy Plwp_getasrs Ta Sy Plwp_setasrs
346 .El
347 .Sh PROCESS STATES
348 Every process handle that exists in
349 .Nm
350 has a state.
351 In some cases, such as for core files, these states are static.
352 In other cases, such as handles that correspond to a running process or a
353 created process, these states are dynamic and change based on actions taken in
354 the library.
355 The state can be obtained with the
356 .Xr Pstate 3PROC
357 function.
358 .Pp
359 The various states are:
360 .Bl -tag -width Dv -offset indent
361 .It Dv PS_RUN
362 An actively running process.
363 This may be a process that was obtained by creating it with functions such as
364 .Xr Pcreate 3PROC
365 or by grabbing an existing process such as
366 .Xr Pgrab 3PROC .
367 .It Dv PS_STOP
368 An active process that is no longer executing.
369 A process may stop for many reasons such as an explicit stop request (through
370 .Xr pstop 1
371 for example) or if a tracing event is hit.
372 .Pp
373 The reason a process is stopped may be obtained through the thread's
374 .Sy lwpstatus_t
375 structure read directly from /proc or obtained through the
376 .Xr Lstatus 3PROC
377 function.
378 .It Dv PS_LOST
379 Control over the process has been lost.
380 This may happen when the process executes a new image requiring a different set
381 of privileges.
382 To resume control call
383 .Xr Preopen 3PROC .
384 For more information on losing control of a process, see
385 .Xr proc 4 .
386 .It DV PS_UNDEAD
387 A zombie process.
388 It has terminated, but it has not been cleaned up yet by its parent.
389 For more on the conditions of becoming a zombie, see
390 .Xr exec 2 .
391 .It DV_PS_DEAD
392 Processes in this state are always core files.
393 See the earlier section
394 .Sx Core Files
395 for more information on working with core files.
396 .It Dv PS_IDLE
397 A process that has never been run.
398 This is always the case for handles that refer to files as the files cannot be
399 executed.
400 Those process handles are obtained through calling
401 .Xr Pgrab_file 3PROC .
402 .El
403 .Pp
404 Many functions relating to tracing processes, for example
405 .Xr Psignal 3PROC ,
406 .Xr Psetsignal 3PROC ,
407 .Xr Psetfault 3PROC ,
408 .Xr Psysentry 3PROC ,
409 and others, mention that they only act upon
410 .Em Active Processes .
411 This specifically refers to processes whose state are in
412 .Dv PS_RUN
413 and
414 .Dv PS_STOP .
415 Process handles in the other states have no notion of settable tracing
416 flags, though core files
417 .Pf ( type Dv PS_DEAD )
418 may have a read-only snapshot of their tracing settings available.
419 .Sh TYPES
420 The
421 .Nm
422 library uses many types that come from the /proc file system
423 .Pf ( Xr proc 4 )
424 and the ELF format
425 .Pf ( Xr elf 3ELF ) .
426 However, it also defines the following types:
427 .Pp
428 .Sy struct ps_prochandle
429 .Pp
430 The
431 .Sy struct ps_prochandle
432 is an opaque handle to the library and the core element of control for a
433 process.
434 Consumers obtain pointers to a handle through the use of the
435 .Fn Pcreate ,
436 .Fn Pgrab ,
437 and related functions.
438 When a caller is done with a handle, then it should call one of the
439 .Fn Pfree
440 and
441 .Fn Prelease
442 functions to relinquish the handle, release associated resources, and
443 potentially set the process to run again.
444 .Pp
445 .Sy struct ps_lwphandle
446 .Pp
447 The
448 .Sy struct ps_lwphandle
449 is analogous to the
450 .Sy struct ps_prochandle ,
451 but it represents the control of an individual thread, rather than a
452 process.
453 Consumers obtain pointers to a handle through the
454 .Fn Lgrab
455 function and relinquish it with the
456 .Fn Lfree
457 function.
458 .Pp
459 .Sy core_content_t
460 .Pp
461 The
462 .Sy core_content_t
463 is a value which describes the various content types of core files.
464 These are used in functions such as
465 .Xr Pcontent 3PROC
466 and
467 .Xr Pgcore 3PROC
468 to describe and control the types of content that get included.
469 Various content types may be included together through a bitwise-inclusive-OR.
470 The default system core contents are controlled with the
471 .Xr coreadm 1M
472 tool.
473 The following table lists the current set of core contents in the system, though
474 the set may increase over time.
475 The string after the macro is the human readable string that corresponds with
476 the constant and is used by
477 .Xr coreadm 1M ,
478 .Xr proc_content2str 3PROC ,
479 and
480 .Xr proc_str2content 3PROC .
481 .Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
482 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_STACK ("stack")
483 The contents include the process stack.
484 Note, this only covers the main thread's stack.
485 The stack of other threads is covered by
486 .Dv CC_CONTENT_ANON .
487 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_HEAP ("heap")
488 The contents include the process heap.
489 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_SHFILE ("shfile")
490 The contents include shared mappings that are backed by files (e.g.
491 mapped through
492 .Xr mmap 2
493 with the
494 .Dv MAP_SHARED
495 flag).
496 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_SHANNON ("shannon")
497 The contents include shared mappings that are backed by anonymous memory
498 (e.g. mapped through
499 .Xr mmap 2
500 with the
501 .Dv MAP_SHARED
502 and
503 .Dv MAP_ANON
504 flags).
505 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_RODATA ("rodata")
506 The contents include private read-only file mappings, such as shared
507 library text.
508 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_ANON ("anon")
509 The contents include private anonymous mappings.
510 This includes the stacks of threads which are not the main thread.
511 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_SHM ("shm")
512 The contents include system V shared memory.
513 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_ISM ("ism")
514 The contents include ISM (intimate shared memory) mappings.
515 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_DISM ("dism")
516 The contents include DISM (dynamic shared memory) mappings.
517 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_CTF ("ctf")
518 The contents include
519 .Xr ctf 4
520 (Compact C Type Format) information.
521 Note, not all objects in the process may have CTF information available.
522 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_SYMTAB ("symtab")
523 The contents include the symbol table.
524 Note, not all objects in the process may have a symbol table available.
525 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_ALL ("all")
526 This value indicates that all of the above content values are present.
527 Note that additional values may be added in the future, in which case
528 the value of the symbol will be updated to include them.
529 Comparisons with
530 .Dv CC_CONTENT_ALL
531 should validate all the expected bits are set by an expression such as
532 .Li (c & CC_CONTENT_ALL) == CC_CONTENT_ALL .
533 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_NONE ("none")
534 This value indicates that there is no content present.
535 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_DEFAULT ("default")
536 The content includes the following set of default values:
537 .Dv CC_CONTENT_STACK ,
538 .Dv CC_CONTENT_HEAP ,
539 .Dv CC_CONTENT_ISM ,
540 .Dv CC_CONTENT_DISM ,
541 .Dv CC_CONTENT_SHM ,
542 .Dv CC_CONTENT_SHANON ,
543 .Dv CC_CONTENT_TEXT ,
544 .Dv CC_CONTENT_DATA ,
545 .Dv CC_CONTENT_RODATA ,
546 .Dv CC_CONTENT_ANON ,
547 .Dv CC_CONTENT_CTF ,
548 and
549 .Dv CC_CONTENT_SYMTAB.
550 Note that the default may change.
551 Comparisons with CC_CONTENT_DEFAULT should validate that all of the expected
552 bits are set with an expression such as
553 .Li (c\ &\ CC_CONTENT_DEFAULT)\ ==\ CC_CONTENT_DEFAULT.
554 .It Dv CC_CONTENT_INVALID
555 This indicates that the contents are invalid.
556 .El
557 .Pp
558 .Sy prfdinfo_t
559 .Pp
560 The
561 .Sy prfdinfo_t
562 structure is used with the
563 .Fn Pfdinfo_iter
564 function which describes information about a file descriptor.
565 The structure is defined as follows:
566 .Bd -literal
567 typedef struct prfdinfo {
568 int pr_fd;
569 mode_t pr_mode;
570 uid_t pr_uid;
571 gid_t pr_gid;
572 major_t pr_major; /* think stat.st_dev */
573 minor_t pr_minor;
574 major_t pr_rmajor; /* think stat.st_rdev */
575 minor_t pr_rminor;
576 ino64_t pr_ino;
577 off64_t pr_offset;
578 off64_t pr_size;
579 int pr_fileflags; /* fcntl(F_GETXFL), etc */
580 int pr_fdflags; /* fcntl(F_GETFD), etc. */
581 char pr_path[MAXPATHLEN];
582 } prfdinfo_t;
583 .Ed
584 .Pp
585 The structure has similar information to that found in the
586 .Sy stat
587 structure that's used as part of the stat family of system calls,
588 defined in
589 .Xr stat 2 .
590 The member
591 .Sy pr_fd
592 contains the number of the file descriptor of the file.
593 The members
594 .Sy pr_mode ,
595 .Sy pr_uid ,
596 .Sy pr_gid ,
597 .Sy pr_ino ,
598 and
599 .Sy pr_size
600 are the same as the members
601 .Sy st_mode ,
602 .Sy st_uid ,
603 .Sy st_gid ,
604 .Sy st_ino ,
605 and
606 .Sy st_size
607 in the
608 .Sy stat
609 structure.
610 .Pp
611 The
612 .Sy pr_major
613 and
614 .Sy pr_minor
615 members contain the major and minor numbers of the device containing the
616 directory for this file.
617 This is similar to the
618 .Sy st_dev
619 member of the
620 .Sy stat
621 structure, except that it is broken out into its major and minor components.
622 The
623 .Sy pr_rmajor
624 and
625 .Sy pr_rminor
626 members are similar in spirit to
627 .Sy pr_major
628 and
629 .Sy pr_minor ;
630 however, they are equivalent to the
631 .Sy st_rdev
632 member of the
633 .Sy stat
634 structure and thus have meaning for special character and block files.
635 .Pp
636 The
637 .Sy pr_offset
638 member contains the current seek offset of the file descriptor.
639 The
640 .Sy pr_fileflags
641 and
642 .Sy pr_fdflags
643 members contain the flags that would have been returned by a call to
644 .Xr fcntl 2
645 with the arguments
646 .Dv F_GETXFL
647 and
648 .Dv F_GETFD
649 respectively.
650 .Pp
651 .Sy prsyminfo_t
652 .Pp
653 The
654 .Sy prsyminfo_t
655 structure is used with the various symbol look up functions
656 .Fn Pxlookup_by_name ,
657 .Fn Pxlookup_by_addr ,
658 and
659 .Fn Pxlookup_by_addr_resolved
660 which describes additional information about a symbol.
661 The structure is defined as follows:
662 .Bd -literal
663 typedef struct prsyminfo {
664 const char *prs_object; /* object name */
665 const char *prs_name; /* symbol name */
666 Lmid_t prs_lmid; /* link map id */
667 uint_t prs_id; /* symbol id */
668 uint_t prs_table; /* symbol table id */
669 } prsyminfo_t;
670 .Ed
671 .Pp
672 The member
673 .Sy prs_object
674 points to a string that contains the name of the object file, if known,
675 that the symbol comes from.
676 The member
677 .Sy prs_name
678 points to the name of the symbol, if known.
679 This may be unknown due to a stripped binary that contains no symbol table.
680 The member
681 .Sy prs_lmid
682 indicates the link map identifier that the symbol was found on.
683 For more information on link map identifiers refer to the
684 .Em Linker and Libraries Guide
685 and
686 .Xr dlopen 3C .
687 .Pp
688 The members
689 .Sy prs_id
690 and
691 .Sy prs_table
692 can be used to determine both the symbol table that the entry came from
693 and which entry in the table it corresponds to.
694 If the value of
695 .Sy prs_table
696 is
697 .Dv PR_SYMTAB
698 then it came from the ELF standard symbol table.
699 However, if it is instead
700 .Dv PR_DYNSYM ,
701 then that indicates that it comes from the process's dynamic section.
702 .Pp
703 .Sy proc_lwp_f
704 .Pp
705 The
706 .Sy proc_lwp_f
707 is a function pointer type that is used with the
708 .Fn Plwp_iter
709 function.
710 It is defined as
711 .Sy typedef
712 .Ft int
713 .Fo proc_lwp_f
714 .Fa "void *"
715 .Fa "const lwpstatus_t *"
716 .Fc .
717 The first argument is a pointer to an argument that the user specifies,
718 while the second has the thread's status information and is defined in
719 .Xr proc 4 .
720 For additional information on using this type, see
721 .Xr Plwp_iter 3PROC .
722 .Pp
723 .Sy proc_lwp_all_f
724 .Pp
725 The
726 .Sy proc_lwp_all_f
727 is a function pointer type that is used with the
728 .Fn Plwp_iter_all
729 function.
730 It is defined as
731 .Sy typedef
732 .Ft int
733 .Fo proc_lwp_all_f
734 .Fa "void *"
735 .Fa "const lwpstatus_t *"
736 .Fa "const lwpsinfo_t *"
737 .Fc .
738 The first argument is a pointer to an argument that the user specifies.
739 The second and third arguments contain the thread's status and
740 thread-specific
741 .Xr ps 1
742 information respectively.
743 Both structures are defined in
744 .Xr proc 4 .
745 For additional information on using this type, see
746 .Xr Plwp_iter_all 3PROC .
747 .Pp
748 .Sy proc_walk_f
749 .Pp
750 The
751 .Sy proc_walk_f
752 is a function pointer type that is used with the
753 .Fn proc_walk
754 function.
755 It is defined as
756 .Sy typedef
757 .Ft int
758 .Fo proc_walk_f
759 .Fa "psinfo_t *"
760 .Fa "lwpsinfo_t *"
761 .Fa "void *"
762 .Fc .
763 The first argument contains the process
764 .Xr ps 1
765 information and the second argument contains the representative thread's
766 .Xr ps 1
767 information.
768 Both structures are defined in
769 .Xr proc 4 .
770 The final argument is a pointer to an argument that the user specifies.
771 For more information on using this, see
772 .Xr proc_walk 3PROC .
773 .Pp
774 .Sy proc_map_f
775 .Pp
776 The
777 .Sy proc_map_f
778 is a function pointer type that is used with the
779 .Fn Pmapping_iter ,
780 .Fn Pmapping_iter_resolved ,
781 .Fn Pobject_iter ,
782 and
783 .Fn Pobject_iter_resolved
784 functions.
785 It is defined as
786 .Sy typedef
787 .Ft int
788 .Fo proc_map_f
789 .Fa "void *"
790 .Fa "const prmap_t *"
791 .Fa "const char *"
792 .Fc .
793 The first argument is a pointer to an argument that the user specifies.
794 The second argument is describes the mapping information and is defined
795 in
796 .Xr proc 4 .
797 The final argument contains the name of the mapping or object file in
798 question.
799 For additional information on using this type, see
800 .Xr Pmapping_iter 3PROC .
801 .Pp
802 .Sy proc_env_f
803 .Pp
804 The
805 .Sy proc_env_f
806 is a function pointer type that is used with the
807 .Fn Penv_iter
808 function.
809 It is defined as
810 .Sy typedef
811 .Ft int
812 .Fo proc_env_f
813 .Fa "void *"
814 .Fa "struct ps_prochandle *"
815 .Fa "uintptr_t"
816 .Fa "const char *"
817 .Fc .
818 The first argument is a pointer to an argument that the user specifies.
819 The second argument is a pointer to the
820 .Sy struct ps_prochandle
821 that the callback was passed to.
822 The third argument is the address of the environment variable in the process.
823 The fourth argument is the environment variable.
824 Values in the environment follow the convention of the form
825 .Em variable=value .
826 For more information on environment variables see
827 .Xr exec 2
828 and
829 .Xr environ 5 .
830 For additional information on using this type, see
831 .Xr Penv_iter 3PROC .
832 .Pp
833 .Sy proc_sym_f
834 .Pp
835 The
836 .Sy proc_sym_f
837 is a function pointer type that is used with the
838 .Fn Psmbol_iter ,
839 .Fn Psymbol_iter_by_addr ,
840 .Fn Psymbol_iter_by_name ,
841 and
842 .Fn Psymbol_iter_by_lmid
843 functions.
844 It is defined as
845 .Sy typedef
846 .Ft int
847 .Fo proc_sym_f
848 .Fa "void *"
849 .Fa "const GElf_Sym *"
850 .Fa "const char *"
851 .Fc .
852 The first argument is a pointer to an argument that the user supplies.
853 The second argument is a pointer to the ELF symbol information in a
854 32-bit and 64-bit neutral form.
855 See
856 .Xr elf 3ELF
857 and
858 .Xr gelf 3ELF
859 for more information on it.
860 The final argument points to a character string that has the name of the symbol.
861 For additional information on using this type, see
862 .Xr Psymbol_iter 3PROC ,
863 .Xr Psymbol_iter_by_addr 3PROC ,
864 .Xr Psymbol_iter_by_name 3PROC ,
865 and
866 .Xr Psymbol_iter_by_lmid 3PROC .
867 .Pp
868 .Sy proc_xsym_f
869 .Pp
870 The
871 .Sy proc_xsym_f
872 is a function pointer type that is used with the
873 .Fn Pxsymbol_iter
874 function.
875 It is defined as
876 .Sy typedef
877 .Ft int
878 .Fo proc_xsym_f
879 .Fa "void *"
880 .Fa "const GElf_Sym *"
881 .Fa "const char *"
882 .Fa "const prsyminfo_t *"
883 .Fc .
884 The first three arguments are identical to those of
885 .Sy proc_sym_f .
886 The final argument contains additional information about the symbol
887 itself.
888 The members of the
889 .Sy prsyminfo_t
890 are defined earlier in this section.
891 For additional information on using this type, see
892 .Xr Pxsymbol_iter 3PROC .
893 .Pp
894 .Sy proc_stack_f
895 .Pp
896 The
897 .Sy proc_stack_f
898 is a function pointer type that is used with the
899 .Fn Pstack_iter
900 function.
901 It is defined as
902 .Sy typedef
903 .Ft int
904 .Fo proc_stack_f
905 .Fa "void *"
906 .Fa "prgregset_t"
907 .Fa "uint_t"
908 .Fa "const long *"
909 .Fc .
910 The first argument is a pointer to an argument that the user specifies.
911 The second argument's contents are platform specific.
912 The registers that contain stack information, usually the stack pointer and
913 frame pointer, will be filled in to point to an entry.
914 The
915 .Sy prgregset_t
916 is defined in
917 .Xr proc 4 .
918 .Pp
919 The third argument contains the number of arguments to the current stack
920 frame and the fourth argument contains an array of addresses that
921 correspond to the arguments to that stack function.
922 The value of the third argument dictates the number of entries in the fourth
923 argument.
924 For additional information on using this type, see
925 .Xr Pstack_iter 3PROC .
926 .Pp
927 .Sy proc_fdinfo_f
928 .Pp
929 The
930 .Sy proc_fdinfo_f
931 is a function pointer type that is used with the
932 .Fn Pfdinfo_iter
933 function.
934 It is defined as
935 .Sy typedef
936 .Ft int
937 .Fo proc_fdinfo_f
938 .Fa "void *"
939 .Fa "prfdinfo_t *"
940 .Fc .
941 The first argument is a pointer to an argument that the user specifies.
942 The second argument contains information about an open file descriptor.
943 The members of the
944 .Sy prfdinfo_t
945 are defined earlier in this section.
946 For additional information on using this type, see
947 .Xr Pfdinfo_iter 3PROC .
948 .Sh PROGRAMMING NOTES
949 When working with live processes, whether from the
950 .Xr Pgrab 3PROC
951 or
952 .Xr Pcreate 3PROC
953 family of functions, there are some additional considerations.
954 Importantly, if a process calls any of the
955 .Xr exec 2
956 suite of functions, much of the state information that is obtained,
957 particularly that about mappings in the process will be invalid.
958 Callers must ensure that they call
959 .Xr Preset_maps 3PROC
960 when they hold a process handle across an exec.
961 In addition, users of the library should familiarize themselves with the
962 .Sy PROGRAMMING NOTES
963 section of the
964 .Xr proc 4
965 manual page, which discusses issues of privileges and security.
966 .Sh DEBUGGING
967 The library provides a means for obtaining additional debugging
968 information.
969 The output itself is not part of the
970 .Nm
971 library's stable interface.
972 Setting the environment variable
973 .Ev LIBPROC_DEBUG
974 to some value will print information to standard error.
975 For example,
976 .Ev LIBPROC_DEUBG Ns = Ns Em please .
977 .Sh LOCKING
978 Most functions operate on a handle to a process in the form of a
979 .Vt "struct ps_prochandle *" .
980 Unless otherwise indicated, the library does not provide any
981 synchronization for different routines that are operating on the
982 .Sy same
983 .Nm
984 library handle.
985 It is up to the caller to ensure that only a single thread is using a handle at
986 any given time.
987 Multiple threads may call
988 .Nm
989 library routines at the same time as long as each thread is using a
990 different handle.
991 .Pp
992 Each individual function notes its
993 .Sy MT-Level
994 section.
995 The MT-Level of a routine that matches the above description will refer to this
996 manual page.
997 If it does not, then it refers to the standard attributes in
998 .Xr attributes 5 .
999 .Sh INTERFACE STABILITY
1000 .Sy Uncommitted
1001 .Pp
1002 While the library is considered an uncommitted interface, and is still
1003 evolving, changes that break compatibility have been uncommon and this
1004 trend is expected to continue.
1005 It is documented to allow consumers, whether part of illumos or outside of it,
1006 to understand the libarary and make use of it with the understanding that
1007 changes may occur which break both source and binary compatibility.
1008 .Sh SEE ALSO
1009 .Xr gcore 1 ,
1010 .Xr mdb 1 ,
1011 .Xr proc 1 ,
1012 .Xr ps 1 ,
1013 .Xr coreadm 1M ,
1014 .Xr exec 2 ,
1015 .Xr fcntl 2 ,
1016 .Xr stat 2 ,
1017 .Xr Intro 3 ,
1018 .Xr dlopen 3C ,
1019 .Xr elf 3ELF ,
1020 .Xr ctf 4 ,
1021 .Xr proc 4 ,
1022 .Xr attributes 5 ,
1023 .Xr environ 5 ,
1024 .Xr privileges 5
1025 .Pp
1026 .Rs
1027 .%T Linkers and Libraries Guide
1028 .Re
1029 .Pp
1030 .Xr Lfree 3PROC ,
1031 .Xr Lgrab 3PROC ,
1032 .Xr Lgrab_error 3PROC ,
1033 .Xr Pcreate 3PROC ,
1034 .Xr Pcreate_agent 3PROC ,
1035 .Xr Pcreate_callback 3PROC ,
1036 .Xr Pcreate_error 3PROC ,
1037 .Xr Pdestroy_agent 3PROC ,
1038 .Xr Pfgrab_core 3PROC ,
1039 .Xr Pfree 3PROC ,
1040 .Xr Pgrab 3PROC ,
1041 .Xr Pgrab_core 3PROC ,
1042 .Xr Pgrab_error 3PROC ,
1043 .Xr Pgrab_file 3PROC ,
1044 .Xr Pgrab_ops 3PROC ,
1045 .Xr Prelease 3PROC ,
1046 .Xr Preopen 3PROC ,
1047 .Xr Pxcreate 3PROC
1048 .Pp
1049 .Xr Paddr_to_ctf 3PROC ,
1050 .Xr Paddr_to_loadobj 3PROC ,
1051 .Xr Paddr_to_map 3PROC ,
1052 .Xr Paddr_to_text_map 3PROC ,
1053 .Xr Pasfd 3PROC ,
1054 .Xr Pclearfault 3PROC ,
1055 .Xr Pclearsig 3PROC ,
1056 .Xr Pcontent 3PROC ,
1057 .Xr Pcred 3PROC ,
1058 .Xr Pctlfd 3PROC ,
1059 .Xr Pdelbkpt 3PROC ,
1060 .Xr Pdelwapt 3PROC ,
1061 .Xr Pdstop 3PROC ,
1062 .Xr Pexecname 3PROC ,
1063 .Xr Pfault 3PROC ,
1064 .Xr Pfgcore 3PROC ,
1065 .Xr Pgcore 3PROC ,
1066 .Xr Pgetareg 3PROC ,
1067 .Xr Pgetauxval 3PROC ,
1068 .Xr Pgetauxvec 3PROC ,
1069 .Xr Pgetenv 3PROC ,
1070 .Xr Pisprocdir 3PROC ,
1071 .Xr Pissyscall_prev 3PROC ,
1072 .Xr Plmid 3PROC ,
1073 .Xr Plmid_to_loadobj 3PROC ,
1074 .Xr Plmid_to_map 3PROC ,
1075 .Xr Plookup_by_addr 3PROC ,
1076 .Xr Plookup_by_name 3PROC ,
1077 .Xr Plwp_alt_stack 3PROC ,
1078 .Xr Plwp_getfpregs 3PROC ,
1079 .Xr Plwp_getpsinfo 3PROC ,
1080 .Xr Plwp_getregs 3PROC ,
1081 .Xr Plwp_getspymaster 3PROC ,
1082 .Xr Plwp_main_stack 3PROC ,
1083 .Xr Plwp_setfpregs 3PROC ,
1084 .Xr Plwp_setregs 3PROC ,
1085 .Xr Plwp_stack 3PROC ,
1086 .Xr Pname_to_ctf 3PROC ,
1087 .Xr Pname_to_loadobj 3PROC ,
1088 .Xr Pname_to_map 3PROC ,
1089 .Xr Pobjname 3PROC ,
1090 .Xr Pobjname_resolved 3PROC ,
1091 .Xr Pplatform 3PROC ,
1092 .Xr Ppltdest 3PROC ,
1093 .Xr Ppriv 3PROC ,
1094 .Xr Ppsinfo 3PROC ,
1095 .Xr Pputareg 3PROC ,
1096 .Xr Prd_agent 3PROC ,
1097 .Xr Pread 3PROC ,
1098 .Xr Pread_string 3PROC ,
1099 .Xr Preset_maps 3PROC ,
1100 .Xr Psecflags 3PROC ,
1101 .Xr Psetbkpt 3PROC ,
1102 .Xr Psetcred 3PROC ,
1103 .Xr Psetfault 3PROC ,
1104 .Xr Psetflags 3PROC ,
1105 .Xr Psetpriv 3PROC ,
1106 .Xr Psetrun 3PROC ,
1107 .Xr Psetsignal 3PROC ,
1108 .Xr Psetsysentry 3PROC ,
1109 .Xr Psetsysexit 3PROC ,
1110 .Xr Psetwapt 3PROC ,
1111 .Xr Psetzoneid 3PROC ,
1112 .Xr Psignal 3PROC ,
1113 .Xr Pstate 3PROC ,
1114 .Xr Pstatus 3PROC ,
1115 .Xr Pstop 3PROC ,
1116 .Xr Pstopstatus 3PROC ,
1117 .Xr Psync 3PROC ,
1118 .Xr Psysentry 3PROC ,
1119 .Xr Psysexit 3PROC ,
1120 .Xr Puname 3PROC ,
1121 .Xr Punsetflags 3PROC ,
1122 .Xr Pupdate_maps 3PROC ,
1123 .Xr Pupdate_syms 3PROC ,
1124 .Xr Pwait 3PROC ,
1125 .Xr Pwrite 3PROC ,
1126 .Xr Pxecbkpt 3PROC ,
1127 .Xr Pxecwapt 3PROC ,
1128 .Xr Pxlookup_by_addr 3PROC ,
1129 .Xr Pxlookup_by_addr_resolved 3PROC ,
1130 .Xr Pxlookup_by_name 3PROC ,
1131 .Xr Pzonename 3PROC ,
1132 .Xr Pzonepath 3PROC ,
1133 .Xr Pzoneroot 3PROC
1134 .Pp
1135 .Xr Lalt_stack 3PROC ,
1136 .Xr Lclearfault 3PROC ,
1137 .Xr Lclearsig 3PROC ,
1138 .Xr Lctlfd 3PROC ,
1139 .Xr Ldstop 3PROC ,
1140 .Xr Lgetareg 3PROC ,
1141 .Xr Lmain_stack 3PROC ,
1142 .Xr Lprochandle 3PROC ,
1143 .Xr Lpsinfo 3PROC ,
1144 .Xr Lputareg 3PROC ,
1145 .Xr Lsetrun 3PROC ,
1146 .Xr Lstack 3PROC ,
1147 .Xr Lstate 3PROC ,
1148 .Xr Lstatus 3PROC ,
1149 .Xr Lstop 3PROC ,
1150 .Xr Lsync 3PROC ,
1151 .Xr Lwait 3PROC ,
1152 .Xr Lxecbkpt 3PROC ,
1153 .Xr Lxecwapt 3PROC
1154 .Pp
1155 .Xr pr_access 3PROC ,
1156 .Xr pr_close 3PROC ,
1157 .Xr pr_creat 3PROC ,
1158 .Xr pr_door_info 3PROC ,
1159 .Xr pr_exit 3PROC ,
1160 .Xr pr_fcntl 3PROC ,
1161 .Xr pr_fstat 3PROC ,
1162 .Xr pr_fstat64 3PROC ,
1163 .Xr pr_fstatvfs 3PROC ,
1164 .Xr pr_getitimer 3PROC ,
1165 .Xr pr_getpeername 3PROC ,
1166 .Xr pr_getpeerucred 3PROC ,
1167 .Xr pr_getprojid 3PROC ,
1168 .Xr pr_getrctl 3PROC ,
1169 .Xr pr_getrlimit 3PROC ,
1170 .Xr pr_getrlimit64 3PROC ,
1171 .Xr pr_getsockname 3PROC ,
1172 .Xr pr_getsockopt 3PROC ,
1173 .Xr pr_gettaskid 3PROC ,
1174 .Xr pr_getzoneid 3PROC ,
1175 .Xr pr_ioctl 3PROC ,
1176 .Xr pr_link 3PROC ,
1177 .Xr pr_llseek 3PROC ,
1178 .Xr pr_lseek 3PROC ,
1179 .Xr pr_lstat 3PROC ,
1180 .Xr pr_lstat64 3PROC ,
1181 .Xr pr_memcntl 3PROC ,
1182 .Xr pr_meminfo 3PROC ,
1183 .Xr pr_mmap 3PROC ,
1184 .Xr pr_munmap 3PROC ,
1185 .Xr pr_open 3PROC ,
1186 .Xr pr_processor_bind 3PROC ,
1187 .Xr pr_rename 3PROC ,
1188 .Xr pr_setitimer 3PROC ,
1189 .Xr pr_setrctl 3PROC ,
1190 .Xr pr_setrlimit 3PROC ,
1191 .Xr pr_setrlimit64 3PROC ,
1192 .Xr pr_settaskid 3PROC ,
1193 .Xr pr_sigaction 3PROC ,
1194 .Xr pr_stat 3PROC ,
1195 .Xr pr_stat64 3PROC ,
1196 .Xr pr_statvfs 3PROC ,
1197 .Xr pr_unlink 3PROC ,
1198 .Xr pr_waitid 3PROC ,
1199 .Pp
1200 .Xr Penv_iter 3PROC ,
1201 .Xr Plwp_iter 3PROC ,
1202 .Xr Plwp_iter_all 3PROC ,
1203 .Xr Pmapping_iter 3PROC ,
1204 .Xr Pmapping_iter_resolved 3PROC ,
1205 .Xr Pobject_iter 3PROC ,
1206 .Xr Pobject_iter_resolved 3PROC ,
1207 .Xr Pstack_iter 3PROC ,
1208 .Xr Psymbol_iter 3PROC ,
1209 .Xr Psymbol_iter_by_addr 3PROC ,
1210 .Xr Psymbol_iter_by_lmid 3PROC ,
1211 .Xr Psymbol_iter_by_name 3PROC ,
1212 .Xr Pxsymbol_iter 3PROC ,
1213 .Xr Pfdinfo_iter 3PROC
1214 .Pp
1215 .Xr Perror_printf 3PROC ,
1216 .Xr proc_arg_grab 3PROC ,
1217 .Xr proc_arg_psinfo 3PROC ,
1218 .Xr proc_arg_xgrab 3PROC ,
1219 .Xr proc_arg_xpsinfo 3PROC ,
1220 .Xr proc_content2str 3PROC ,
1221 .Xr proc_finistdio 3PROC ,
1222 .Xr proc_fltname 3PROC ,
1223 .Xr proc_fltset2str 3PROC ,
1224 .Xr proc_flushstdio 3PROC ,
1225 .Xr proc_get_auxv 3PROC ,
1226 .Xr proc_get_cred 3PROC ,
1227 .Xr proc_get_priv 3PROC ,
1228 .Xr proc_get_psinfo 3PROC ,
1229 .Xr proc_get_status 3PROC ,
1230 .Xr proc_initstdio 3PROC ,
1231 .Xr proc_lwp_in_set 3PROC ,
1232 .Xr proc_lwp_range_valid 3PROC ,
1233 .Xr proc_signame 3PROC ,
1234 .Xr proc_sigset2str 3PROC ,
1235 .Xr proc_str2content 3PROC ,
1236 .Xr proc_str2flt 3PROC ,
1237 .Xr proc_str2fltset 3PROC ,
1238 .Xr proc_str2sig 3PROC ,
1239 .Xr proc_str2sigset 3PROC ,
1240 .Xr proc_str2sys 3PROC ,
1241 .Xr proc_str2sysset 3PROC ,
1242 .Xr proc_sysname 3PROC ,
1243 .Xr proc_sysset2str 3PROC ,
1244 .Xr proc_unctrl_psinfo 3PROC ,
1245 .Xr proc_walk 3PROC
1246 .Pp
1247 .Xr Pldt 3PROC ,
1248 .Xr proc_get_ldt 3PROC ,
1249 .Pp
1250 .Xr Plwp_getgwindows 3PROC ,
1251 .Xr Plwp_getxregs 3PROC ,
1252 .Xr Plwp_setxregs 3PROC ,
1253 .Pp
1254 .Xr Plwp_getasrs 3PROC ,
1255 .Xr Plwp_setasrs 3PROC