1 .\" Copyright (c) 1999, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2 .\" Copyright 1989 AT&T 3 .\" Copyright 2020 Joyent, Inc. 4 .\" 5 .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the 6 .\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). 7 .\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 8 .\" 9 .\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE 10 .\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. 11 .\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions 12 .\" and limitations under the License. 13 .\" 14 .\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each 15 .\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. 16 .\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the 17 .\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying 18 .\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 19 .\" 20 .Dd January 6, 2020 21 .Dt INTRO 7 22 .Os 23 .Sh NAME 24 .Nm Intro , 25 .Nm intro 26 .Nd introduction to special files 27 .Sh DESCRIPTION 28 This section describes various device and network interfaces available on the 29 sysstem. 30 The types of interfaces described include character and block 31 devices, 32 .Sy STREAMS 33 modules, network protocols, file systems, and ioctl requests 34 for driver subsystems and classes. 35 .Pp 36 This section contains the following major collections: 37 .Bl -tag -width "xxxxx" 38 .It Pq Sy 7D 39 The system provides drivers for a variety of hardware devices, such as disk, 40 magnetic tapes, serial communication lines, mice, and frame buffers, as well 41 as virtual devices such as pseudo-terminals and windows. 42 .Pp 43 This section describes special files that refer to specific hardware 44 peripherals and device drivers. 45 .Sy STREAMS 46 device drivers are also described. 47 Characteristics of both the hardware device and the corresponding device driver 48 are discussed where applicable. 49 .Pp 50 An application accesses a device through that device's special file. 51 This 52 section specifies the device special file to be used to access the device as 53 well as application programming interface (API) information relevant to the use 54 of the device driver. 55 All device special files are located under the 56 .Pa /devices 57 directory. 58 The 59 .Pa /devices 60 directory hierarchy attempts to mirror the hierarchy of system 61 busses, controllers, and devices configured on the system. 62 Logical device names for special files in 63 .Pa /devices 64 are located under the 65 .Pa /dev 66 directory. 67 Although not every special file under 68 .Pa /devices 69 will have a corresponding logical entry under 70 .Pa /dev , 71 whenever possible, an 72 application should reference a device using the logical name for the device. 73 Logical device names are listed in the 74 .Sy FILES 75 section of the page for the device in question. 76 .Pp 77 This section also describes driver configuration where applicable. 78 Many device drivers have a driver configuration file of the form 79 .Em driver_name Ns \&.conf 80 associated with them (see 81 .Xr driver.conf 4 ) . 82 The configuration information stored in the driver 83 configuration file is used to configure the driver and the device. 84 Driver configuration files are located in 85 .Pa /kernel/drv 86 and 87 .Pa /usr/kernel/drv . 88 Driver configuration files for platform dependent 89 drivers are located in 90 .Pa /platform/`uname\ -i`/kernel/drv 91 where 92 .Pa `uname\ -i` 93 is the output of the 94 .Xr uname 1 95 command with the 96 .Fl i 97 option. 98 .Pp 99 Some driver configuration files may contain user configurable properties. 100 Changes in a driver's configuration file will not take effect until the system 101 is rebooted or the driver has been removed and re-added (see 102 .Xr rem_drv 1M 103 and 104 .Xr add_drv 1M ) . 105 .It Pq Sy 7FS 106 This section describes the programmatic interface for several file systems 107 supported by SunOS. 108 .It Pq Sy 7I 109 This section describes ioctl requests which apply to a class of drivers or 110 subsystems. 111 For example, ioctl requests which apply to most tape devices are 112 discussed in 113 .Xr mtio 7I . 114 Ioctl requests relevant to only a specific 115 device are described on the man page for that device. 116 The page for the device 117 in question should still be examined for exceptions to the ioctls listed in 118 section 7I. 119 .It Pq Sy 7M 120 This section describes 121 .Sy STREAMS 122 modules. 123 Note that 124 .Sy STREAMS 125 drivers are discussed in section 7D. 126 .Xr streamio 7I 127 contains a list of ioctl requests used to manipulate 128 .Sy STREAMS 129 modules and interface with the 130 .Sy STREAMS 131 framework. 132 .Xr ioctl 2 133 requests specific to a 134 .Sy STREAMS 135 module will be discussed on the man page for that module. 136 .It Pq Sy 7P 137 This section describes various network protocols available in SunOS. 138 SunOS supports both socket-based and 139 .Sy STREAMS Ns -based 140 network communications. 141 .Pp 142 The Internet protocol family, described in 143 .Xr inet 7P , 144 is the primary protocol family supported by SunOS, although the system can 145 support a number of others. 146 The raw interface provides low-level services, such as 147 packet fragmentation and reassembly, routing, addressing, and basic transport 148 for socket-based implementations. 149 Facilities for communicating using an 150 Internet-family protocol are generally accessed by specifying the 151 .Dv AF_INET 152 address family when binding a socket; see 153 .Xr socket 3SOCKET 154 for details. 155 .Pp 156 Major protocols in the Internet family include: 157 .Bl -bullet -offset indent 158 .It 159 The Internet Protocol (IP) itself, which supports the universal datagram 160 format, as described in 161 .Xr ip 7P . 162 This is the default protocol for 163 .Dv SOCK_RAW 164 type sockets within the 165 .Dv AF_INET 166 domain. 167 .It 168 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP); see 169 .Xr tcp 7P . 170 This is the default protocol for 171 .Dv SOCK_STREAM 172 type sockets. 173 .It 174 The User Datagram Protocol (UDP); see 175 .Xr udp 7P . 176 This is the default 177 protocol for 178 .Dv SOCK_DGRAM 179 type sockets. 180 .It 181 The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP); see 182 .Xr arp 7P . 183 .It 184 The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP); see 185 .Xr icmp 7P . 186 .El 187 .El 188 .Sh SEE ALSO 189 .Xr add_drv 1M , 190 .Xr rem_drv 1M , 191 .Xr ioctl 2 , 192 .Xr Intro 3 , 193 .Xr socket 3SOCKET , 194 .Xr driver.conf 4 , 195 .Xr st 7D , 196 .Xr mtio 7I , 197 .Xr streamio 7I , 198 .Xr arp 7P , 199 .Xr icmp 7P , 200 .Xr inet 7P , 201 .Xr ip 7P , 202 .Xr tcp 7P , 203 .Xr udp 7P 204 .Pp 205 .%T System Administration Guide: IP Services 206 .Pp 207 .%T STREAMS Programming Guide 208 .Pp 209 .%T Writing Device Drivers