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   2 .\" Copyright 2014 Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
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  12 .TH STRPTIME 3C "Jun 27, 2014"
  13 .SH NAME
  14 strptime, strptime_l \- date and time conversion
  15 .SH SYNOPSIS
  16 .LP
  17 .nf
  18 #include <time.h>
  19 
  20 \fBchar *\fR\fBstrptime\fR(\fBconst char *restrict\fR \fIbuf\fR,
  21      \fBconst char *restrict\fR \fIformat\fR, \fBstruct tm *restrict\fR \fItm\fR);
  22 .fi
  23 .LP
  24 .nf
  25 #include <time.h>
  26 #include <xlocale.h>
  27 
  28 \fBchar *\fR\fBstrptime_l\fR(\fBconst char *restrict\fR \fIbuf\fR,
  29      \fBconst char *restrict\fR \fIformat\fR, \fBstruct tm *restrict\fR \fItm\fR,
  30      \fBlocale_t\fR \fIloc\fR);
  31 .fi
  32 .SS "Non-zeroing Behavior"
  33 .LP
  34 .nf
  35 \fBcc\fR [\fIflag\fR...]  \fIfile\fR... \fB-D_STRPTIME_DONTZERO\fR [\fIlibrary\fR...]
  36 #include <time.h>
  37 
  38 \fBchar *\fR\fBstrptime\fR(\fBconst char *restrict\fR \fIbuf\fR,
  39      \fBconst char *restrict\fR \fIformat\fR, \fBstruct tm *restrict\fR \fItm\fR);
  40 .fi
  41 
  42 .SH DESCRIPTION
  43 .LP
  44 The \fBstrptime()\fR function converts the character string pointed to by
  45 \fIbuf\fR to values which are stored in the \fBtm\fR structure pointed to by
  46 \fItm\fR, using the format specified by \fIformat\fR. The \fBstrptime_l()\fR
  47 function is identical to \fBstrptime()\fR except instead of acting in the
  48 current locale, it acts in the locale specified by the argument \fIloc\fR.
  49 .LP
  50 The \fIformat\fR argument is composed of zero or more conversion
  51 specifications. Each conversion specification is composed of a "%" (percent)
  52 character followed by one or two conversion characters which specify the
  53 replacement required. One or more white space characters (as specified by
  54 \fBisspace\fR(3C)) may precede or follow a conversion specification. There must
  55 be white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between any two conversion
  56 specifications.
  57 .LP
  58 A non-zeroing version of \fBstrptime()\fR, described below under \fBNon-zeroing
  59 Behavior\fR, is provided if \fB_STRPTIME_DONTZERO\fR is defined.
  60 .SS "Conversion Specifications"
  61 .LP
  62 The following conversion specifications are supported:
  63 .sp
  64 .ne 2
  65 .na
  66 \fB\fB%%\fR\fR
  67 .ad
  68 .RS 6n
  69 Same as \fB%\fR.
  70 .RE
  71 
  72 .sp
  73 .ne 2
  74 .na
  75 \fB\fB%a\fR\fR
  76 .ad
  77 .RS 6n
  78 Day of week, using the locale's weekday names;  either the abbreviated or full
  79 name may be specified.
  80 .RE
  81 
  82 .sp
  83 .ne 2
  84 .na
  85 \fB\fB%A\fR\fR
  86 .ad
  87 .RS 6n
  88 Same as \fB%a\fR.
  89 .RE
  90 
  91 .sp
  92 .ne 2
  93 .na
  94 \fB\fB%b\fR\fR
  95 .ad
  96 .RS 6n
  97 Month, using the locale's month names;  either the abbreviated or full name may
  98 be specified.
  99 .RE
 100 
 101 .sp
 102 .ne 2
 103 .na
 104 \fB\fB%B\fR\fR
 105 .ad
 106 .RS 6n
 107 Same as \fB%b\fR.
 108 .RE
 109 
 110 .sp
 111 .ne 2
 112 .na
 113 \fB\fB%c\fR\fR
 114 .ad
 115 .RS 6n
 116 Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
 117 .RE
 118 
 119 .sp
 120 .ne 2
 121 .na
 122 \fB\fB%C\fR\fR
 123 .ad
 124 .RS 6n
 125 Century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer as a
 126 decimal number [1,99]); single digits are preceded by 0. If \fB%C\fR is used
 127 without the \fB%y\fR specifier, \fBstrptime()\fR assumes the year offset is
 128 zero in whichever century is specified.   Note the behavior of \fB%C\fR in the
 129 absence of \fB%y\fR is not specified by any of the standards or specifications
 130 described on the \fBstandards\fR(5) manual page, so portable applications
 131 should not depend on it.  This behavior may change in a future release.
 132 .RE
 133 
 134 .sp
 135 .ne 2
 136 .na
 137 \fB\fB%d\fR\fR
 138 .ad
 139 .RS 6n
 140 Day of month [1,31]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
 141 .RE
 142 
 143 .sp
 144 .ne 2
 145 .na
 146 \fB\fB%D\fR\fR
 147 .ad
 148 .RS 6n
 149 Date as \fB%m\fR/\fB%d\fR/\fB%y\fR.
 150 .RE
 151 
 152 .sp
 153 .ne 2
 154 .na
 155 \fB\fB%e\fR\fR
 156 .ad
 157 .RS 6n
 158 Same as \fB%d\fR.
 159 .RE
 160 
 161 .sp
 162 .ne 2
 163 .na
 164 \fB\fB%h\fR\fR
 165 .ad
 166 .RS 6n
 167 Same as \fB%b\fR.
 168 .RE
 169 
 170 .sp
 171 .ne 2
 172 .na
 173 \fB\fB%H\fR\fR
 174 .ad
 175 .RS 6n
 176 Hour (24-hour clock) [0,23];  leading zero is permitted but not required.
 177 .RE
 178 
 179 .sp
 180 .ne 2
 181 .na
 182 \fB\fB%I\fR\fR
 183 .ad
 184 .RS 6n
 185 Hour (12-hour clock) [1,12];  leading zero is permitted but not required.
 186 .RE
 187 
 188 .sp
 189 .ne 2
 190 .na
 191 \fB\fB%j\fR\fR
 192 .ad
 193 .RS 6n
 194 Day number of the year [1,366];  leading zeros are permitted but not required.
 195 .RE
 196 
 197 .sp
 198 .ne 2
 199 .na
 200 \fB\fB%m\fR\fR
 201 .ad
 202 .RS 6n
 203 Month number [1,12]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
 204 .RE
 205 
 206 .sp
 207 .ne 2
 208 .na
 209 \fB\fB%M\fR\fR
 210 .ad
 211 .RS 6n
 212 Minute [0-59]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
 213 .RE
 214 
 215 .sp
 216 .ne 2
 217 .na
 218 \fB\fB%n\fR\fR
 219 .ad
 220 .RS 6n
 221 Any white space.
 222 .RE
 223 
 224 .sp
 225 .ne 2
 226 .na
 227 \fB\fB%p\fR\fR
 228 .ad
 229 .RS 6n
 230 Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m.
 231 .RE
 232 
 233 .sp
 234 .ne 2
 235 .na
 236 \fB\fB%r\fR\fR
 237 .ad
 238 .RS 6n
 239 Appropriate time representation in the 12-hour clock format with \fB%p\fR.
 240 .RE
 241 
 242 .sp
 243 .ne 2
 244 .na
 245 \fB\fB%R\fR\fR
 246 .ad
 247 .RS 6n
 248 Time as \fB%H\fR:\fB%M\fR.
 249 .RE
 250 
 251 .SS "SUSv3"
 252 .sp
 253 .ne 2
 254 .na
 255 \fB\fB%S\fR\fR
 256 .ad
 257 .RS 6n
 258 Seconds [0,60]; leading zero is permitted but not required. The range of values
 259 is [00,60] rather than [00,59] to allow for the occasional leap second.
 260 .RE
 261 
 262 .SS "Default and other standards"
 263 .sp
 264 .ne 2
 265 .na
 266 \fB\fB%S\fR\fR
 267 .ad
 268 .RS 6n
 269 Seconds [0,61]; leading zero is permitted but not required. The range of values
 270 is [00,61] rather than [00,59] to allow for the occasional leap second and even
 271 more occasional double leap second.
 272 .RE
 273 
 274 .sp
 275 .ne 2
 276 .na
 277 \fB\fB%t\fR\fR
 278 .ad
 279 .RS 6n
 280 Any white space.
 281 .RE
 282 
 283 .sp
 284 .ne 2
 285 .na
 286 \fB\fB%T\fR\fR
 287 .ad
 288 .RS 6n
 289 Time as \fB%H\fR:\fB%M\fR:\fB%S\fR.
 290 .RE
 291 
 292 .sp
 293 .ne 2
 294 .na
 295 \fB\fB%U\fR\fR
 296 .ad
 297 .RS 6n
 298 Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with Sunday as the first
 299 day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not required.
 300 .RE
 301 
 302 .sp
 303 .ne 2
 304 .na
 305 \fB\fB%w\fR\fR
 306 .ad
 307 .RS 6n
 308 Weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing Sunday.
 309 .RE
 310 
 311 .sp
 312 .ne 2
 313 .na
 314 \fB\fB%W\fR\fR
 315 .ad
 316 .RS 6n
 317 Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with Monday as the first
 318 day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not required.
 319 .RE
 320 
 321 .sp
 322 .ne 2
 323 .na
 324 \fB\fB%x\fR\fR
 325 .ad
 326 .RS 6n
 327 Locale's appropriate date representation.
 328 .RE
 329 
 330 .sp
 331 .ne 2
 332 .na
 333 \fB\fB%X\fR\fR
 334 .ad
 335 .RS 6n
 336 Locale's appropriate time representation.
 337 .RE
 338 
 339 .sp
 340 .ne 2
 341 .na
 342 \fB\fB%y\fR\fR
 343 .ad
 344 .RS 6n
 345 Year within century. When a century is not otherwise specified, values in the
 346 range 69-99 refer to years in the twentieth century (1969 to 1999 inclusive);
 347 values in the range 00-68 refer to years in the twenty-first century (2000 to
 348 2068 inclusive).
 349 .RE
 350 
 351 .sp
 352 .ne 2
 353 .na
 354 \fB\fB%Y\fR\fR
 355 .ad
 356 .RS 6n
 357 Year, including the century (for example, 1993).
 358 .RE
 359 
 360 .sp
 361 .ne 2
 362 .na
 363 \fB\fB%Z\fR\fR
 364 .ad
 365 .RS 6n
 366 Time zone name or no characters if no time zone exists.
 367 .RE
 368 
 369 .SS "Modified Conversion Specifications"
 370 .LP
 371 Some conversion specifications can be modified by the \fBE\fR and \fBO\fR
 372 modifier characters to indicate that an alternate format or specification
 373 should be used rather than the one normally used by the unmodified
 374 specification. If the alternate format or specification does not exist in the
 375 current locale, the behavior will be as if the unmodified conversion
 376 specification were used.
 377 .sp
 378 .ne 2
 379 .na
 380 \fB\fB%Ec\fR\fR
 381 .ad
 382 .RS 7n
 383 Locale's alternate appropriate date and time representation.
 384 .RE
 385 
 386 .sp
 387 .ne 2
 388 .na
 389 \fB\fB%EC\fR\fR
 390 .ad
 391 .RS 7n
 392 Name of the base year (era) in the locale's alternate representation.
 393 .RE
 394 
 395 .sp
 396 .ne 2
 397 .na
 398 \fB\fB%Ex\fR\fR
 399 .ad
 400 .RS 7n
 401 Locale's alternate date representation.
 402 .RE
 403 
 404 .sp
 405 .ne 2
 406 .na
 407 \fB\fB%EX\fR\fR
 408 .ad
 409 .RS 7n
 410 Locale's alternate time representation.
 411 .RE
 412 
 413 .sp
 414 .ne 2
 415 .na
 416 \fB\fB%Ey\fR\fR
 417 .ad
 418 .RS 7n
 419 Offset from \fB%EC\fR (year only) in the locale's alternate representation.
 420 .RE
 421 
 422 .sp
 423 .ne 2
 424 .na
 425 \fB\fB%EY\fR\fR
 426 .ad
 427 .RS 7n
 428 Full alternate year representation.
 429 .RE
 430 
 431 .sp
 432 .ne 2
 433 .na
 434 \fB\fB%Od\fR\fR
 435 .ad
 436 .RS 7n
 437 Day of the month using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 438 .RE
 439 
 440 .sp
 441 .ne 2
 442 .na
 443 \fB\fB%Oe\fR\fR
 444 .ad
 445 .RS 7n
 446 Same as \fB%Od\fR.
 447 .RE
 448 
 449 .sp
 450 .ne 2
 451 .na
 452 \fB\fB%OH\fR\fR
 453 .ad
 454 .RS 7n
 455 Hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 456 .RE
 457 
 458 .sp
 459 .ne 2
 460 .na
 461 \fB\fB%OI\fR\fR
 462 .ad
 463 .RS 7n
 464 Hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 465 .RE
 466 
 467 .sp
 468 .ne 2
 469 .na
 470 \fB\fB%Om\fR\fR
 471 .ad
 472 .RS 7n
 473 Month using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 474 .RE
 475 
 476 .sp
 477 .ne 2
 478 .na
 479 \fB\fB%OM\fR\fR
 480 .ad
 481 .RS 7n
 482 Minutes using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 483 .RE
 484 
 485 .sp
 486 .ne 2
 487 .na
 488 \fB\fB%OS\fR\fR
 489 .ad
 490 .RS 7n
 491 Seconds using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 492 .RE
 493 
 494 .sp
 495 .ne 2
 496 .na
 497 \fB\fB%OU\fR\fR
 498 .ad
 499 .RS 7n
 500 Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) using the
 501 locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 502 .RE
 503 
 504 .sp
 505 .ne 2
 506 .na
 507 \fB\fB%Ow\fR\fR
 508 .ad
 509 .RS 7n
 510 Number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the  locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 511 .RE
 512 
 513 .sp
 514 .ne 2
 515 .na
 516 \fB\fB%OW\fR\fR
 517 .ad
 518 .RS 7n
 519 Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) using the
 520 locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 521 .RE
 522 
 523 .sp
 524 .ne 2
 525 .na
 526 \fB\fB%Oy\fR\fR
 527 .ad
 528 .RS 7n
 529 Year (offset from \fB%C\fR) in the locale's alternate  representation and using
 530 the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
 531 .RE
 532 
 533 .SS "General Specifications"
 534 .LP
 535 A conversion specification that is an ordinary character is executed by
 536 scanning the next character from the buffer. If the character scanned from the
 537 buffer differs from the one comprising the specification, the specification
 538 fails, and the differing and subsequent characters remain unscanned.
 539 .sp
 540 .LP
 541 A series of specifications composed of \fB%n\fR, \fB%t\fR, white-space
 542 characters or any combination is executed by scanning up to the first character
 543 that is not white space (which remains unscanned), or until no more characters
 544 can be scanned.  White space is defined by \fBisspace\fR(3C).
 545 .LP
 546 Any other conversion specification is executed by scanning characters until a
 547 character matching the next specification is scanned, or until no more
 548 characters can be scanned. These characters, except the one matching the next
 549 specification, are then compared to the locale values associated with the
 550 conversion specifier.  If a match is found, values for the appropriate
 551 \fItm\fR structure members are set to values corresponding to the locale
 552 information. If no match is found,  \fBstrptime()\fR fails and no more
 553 characters are scanned.
 554 .sp
 555 .LP
 556 The month names, weekday names, era names, and alternate numeric symbols can
 557 consist of any combination of upper and lower case letters.  The user can
 558 request that the input date or time specification be in a specific language by
 559 setting the \fBLC_TIME\fR category using \fBsetlocale\fR(3C).
 560 .SS "Non-zeroing Behavior"
 561 .LP
 562 In addition to the behavior described above by various standards, the Solaris
 563 implementation of \fBstrptime()\fR provides the following extensions. These may
 564 change at any time in the future.  Portable applications should not depend on
 565 these extended features:
 566 .RS +4
 567 .TP
 568 .ie t \(bu
 569 .el o
 570 If \fB_STRPTIME_DONTZERO\fR is not defined, the \fBtm struct\fR is zeroed on
 571 entry and \fBstrptime()\fR updates the fields of the \fBtm struct\fR associated
 572 with the specifiers in the format string.
 573 .RE
 574 .RS +4
 575 .TP
 576 .ie t \(bu
 577 .el o
 578 If \fB_STRPTIME_DONTZERO\fR is defined, \fBstrptime()\fR does not zero the
 579 \fBtm struct\fR on entry.  Additionally, for some specifiers, \fBstrptime()\fR
 580 will use some values in the input \fBtm struct\fR to recalculate the date and
 581 re-assign the appropriate members of the \fBtm struct\fR.
 582 .RE
 583 .LP
 584 The following describes extended features regardless of whether
 585 \fB_STRPTIME_DONTZERO\fR is defined or not defined:
 586 .RS +4
 587 .TP
 588 .ie t \(bu
 589 .el o
 590 If \fB%j\fR is specified, \fBtm_yday\fR is set;  if year is given, and if month
 591 and day are not given, \fBstrptime()\fR calculates and sets \fBtm_mon\fR,
 592 \fBtm_mday\fR, and \fBtm_year\fR.
 593 .RE
 594 .RS +4
 595 .TP
 596 .ie t \(bu
 597 .el o
 598 If \fB%U\fR or \fB%W\fR is specified and if weekday and year are given and
 599 month and day of month are not given, \fBstrptime()\fR calculates and sets
 600 \fBtm_mon\fR, \fBtm_mday\fR, \fBtm_wday\fR, and \fBtm_year\fR.
 601 .RE
 602 .LP
 603 The following describes extended features when \fB_STRPTIME_DONTZERO\fR is not
 604 defined:
 605 .RS +4
 606 .TP
 607 .ie t \(bu
 608 .el o
 609 If \fB%C\fR is specified and \fB%y\fR is not specified, \fBstrptime()\fRassumes
 610 0 as the year offset, then calculates the year, and assigns \fBtm_year\fR.
 611 .RE
 612 .LP
 613 The following describes extended features when \fB_STRPTIME_DONTZERO\fR is
 614 defined:
 615 .RS +4
 616 .TP
 617 .ie t \(bu
 618 .el o
 619 If \fB%C\fR is specified and \fB%y\fR is not specified, \fBstrptime()\fR
 620 assumes the year offset of the year value of the \fBtm_year\fR member of the
 621 input \fBtm struct\fR, then calculates the year and assigns \fBtm_year\fR.
 622 .RE
 623 .RS +4
 624 .TP
 625 .ie t \(bu
 626 .el o
 627 If \fB%j\fR is specified and neither \fB%y\fR, \fB%Y\fR, nor \fB%C\fR are
 628 specified, and neither month nor day of month are specified, \fBstrptime()\fR
 629 assumes the year value given by the value of the \fBtm_year\fR field of the
 630 input \fBtm struct\fR.  Then, in addition to setting \fBtm_yday\fR,
 631 \fBstrptime()\fR uses day-of-year and year values to calculate the month and
 632 day-of-month, and assigns \fBtm_month\fR and \fBtm_mday\fR.
 633 .RE
 634 .RS +4
 635 .TP
 636 .ie t \(bu
 637 .el o
 638 If \fB%U\fR or \fB%W\fR is specified, and if weekday and/or year are not given,
 639 and month and day of month are not given, \fBstrptime()\fR will assume the
 640 weekday value and/or the year value as the value of the \fBtm_wday\fR field
 641 and/or \fBtm_year\fR field of the input \fBtm struct\fR.  Then,
 642 \fBstrptime()\fR will calculate the month and day-of-month and assign
 643 \fBtm_month\fR, \fBtm_mday\fR, and/or \fBtm_year\fR.
 644 .RE
 645 .RS +4
 646 .TP
 647 .ie t \(bu
 648 .el o
 649 If \fB%p\fR is specified and if hour is not specified, \fBstrptime()\fR will
 650 reference, and if needed, update the \fBtm_hour\fR member. If the \fBam_pm\fR
 651 input is p.m. and the input \fBtm_hour\fR value is between 0 - 11,
 652 \fBstrptime()\fR will add 12 hours and update \fBtm_hour\fR.  If the
 653 \fBam_pm\fR input is a.m. and input \fBtm_hour\fR value is between 12 - 23,
 654 \fBstrptime()\fR will subtract 12 hours and update \fBtm_hour\fR.
 655 .RE
 656 .SH RETURN VALUES
 657 .LP
 658 Upon successful completion, \fBstrptime()\fR returns a pointer to the character
 659 following the last character parsed. Otherwise, a null pointer is returned.
 660 .SH USAGE
 661 .LP
 662 Several "same as" formats, and the special processing of white-space characters
 663 are provided in order to ease the use of identical  \fIformat\fR strings for
 664 \fBstrftime\fR(3C) and \fBstrptime()\fR.
 665 .LP
 666 The \fBstrptime()\fR function tries to calculate \fBtm_year\fR, \fBtm_mon\fR,
 667 and \fBtm_mday\fR when given incomplete input.  This allows the \fBstruct tm\fR
 668 created by \fBstrptime()\fR to be passed to \fBmktime\fR(3C) to produce a
 669 \fBtime_t\fR value for dates and times that are representable by a
 670 \fBtime_t\fR.  As an example, since \fBmktime()\fR ignores \fBtm_yday\fR,
 671 \fBstrptime()\fR calculates \fBtm_mon\fR and \fBtm_mday\fR as well as filling
 672 in \fBtm_yday\fR when \fB%j\fR is specified without otherwise specifying a
 673 month and day within month.
 674 .SH ATTRIBUTES
 675 .LP
 676 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
 677 .TS
 678 box;
 679 c | c
 680 l | l .
 681 ATTRIBUTE TYPE  ATTRIBUTE VALUE
 682 _
 683 CSI     Enabled
 684 _
 685 Interface Stability     See below.
 686 _
 687 MT-Level        MT-Safe
 688 _
 689 Standard        See \fBstandards\fR(5) for \fBstrptime()\fR.
 690 .TE
 691 
 692 .LP
 693 The \fBstrptime()\fR function is Standard.  The \fBstrptime_l()\fR function
 694 is Uncommitted.
 695 .SH SEE ALSO
 696 .LP
 697 \fBctime\fR(3C), \fBgetdate\fR(3C), \fBisspace\fR(3C), \fBmktime\fR(3C),
 698 \fBnewlocale\fR(3C),
 699 \fBsetlocale\fR(3C), \fBstrftime\fR(3C), \fBuselocale\fR(3C),
 700 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5),
 701 \fBstandards\fR(5)