Print this page
2964 need POSIX 2008 locale object support
Reviewed by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Reviewed by: Gordon Ross <gordon.ross@nexenta.com>
Approved by: TBD
   1 '\" te

   2 .\" Copyright 1989 AT&T.  Copyright (c) 1992, X/Open Company Limited  All Rights Reserved.  Portions Copyright (c) 2005, Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
   3 .\" Sun Microsystems, Inc. gratefully acknowledges The Open Group for permission to reproduce portions of its copyrighted documentation. Original documentation from The Open Group can be obtained online at
   4 .\" http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/.
   5 .\" The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase "this text" refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.
   6 .\"  This notice shall appear on any product containing this material.
   7 .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   8 .\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
   9 .\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.  If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
  10 .TH CTYPE 3C "Jan 28, 2005"
  11 .SH NAME
  12 ctype, isalpha, isalnum, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, islower, isprint,
  13 isspace, isupper, ispunct, isgraph, isxdigit \- character handling
  14 .SH SYNOPSIS
  15 .LP
  16 .nf
  17 #include <ctype.h>
  18 
  19 \fBint\fR \fBisalpha\fR(\fBint\fR \fIc\fR);
  20 .fi
  21 
  22 .LP
  23 .nf
  24 \fBint\fR \fBisalnum\fR(\fBint\fR \fIc\fR);
  25 .fi
  26 
  27 .LP
  28 .nf
  29 \fBint\fR \fBisascii\fR(\fBint\fR \fIc\fR);
  30 .fi


  83 .sp
  84 .LP
  85 These macros classify character-coded integer values. Each is a predicate
  86 returning non-zero for true, \fB0\fR for false. The behavior of these macros,
  87 except \fBisascii()\fR, is affected by the current locale (see
  88 \fBsetlocale\fR(3C)). To modify the behavior, change the \fBLC_TYPE\fR category
  89 in  \fBsetlocale()\fR, that is, \fBsetlocale(\fR\fBLC_CTYPE\fR,
  90 \fInewlocale\fR). In the "C" locale, or in a locale where character type
  91 information is not defined, characters are classified according to the rules of
  92 the \fBUS-ASCII\fR 7-bit coded character set.
  93 .sp
  94 .LP
  95 The \fBisascii()\fR macro is defined on all integer values. The rest are
  96 defined only where the argument is an \fBint\fR, the value of which is
  97 representable as an \fBunsigned char\fR, or \fBEOF\fR, which is defined by the
  98 <\fBstdio.h\fR> header and represents end-of-file.
  99 .sp
 100 .LP
 101 Functions exist for all the macros defined below. To get the function form, the
 102 macro name must be undefined (for example, \fB#undef isdigit\fR).
 103 .sp
 104 .LP
 105 For macros described with \fBDefault\fR and \fBStandard conforming\fR versions,
 106 standard-conforming behavior is provided for standard-conforming applications
 107 (see \fBstandards\fR(5)) and for applications that define
 108 \fB__XPG4_CHAR_CLASS__\fR before including <\fBctype.h\fR>.
 109 .SS "Default"
 110 .sp
 111 .ne 2
 112 .na
 113 \fB\fBisalpha()\fR\fR
 114 .ad
 115 .RS 13n
 116 Tests for any character for which \fBisupper()\fR or \fBislower()\fR is true.
 117 .RE
 118 
 119 .SS "Standard conforming"
 120 .sp
 121 .ne 2
 122 .na
 123 \fB\fBisalpha()\fR\fR
 124 .ad
 125 .RS 13n
 126 Tests for any character for which \fBisupper()\fR or \fBislower()\fR is true,
 127 or any character that is one of the current locale-defined set of characters
 128 for which none of \fBiscntrl()\fR, \fBisdigit()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, or
 129 \fBisspace()\fR is true. In "C" locale, \fBisalpha()\fR returns true only for
 130 the characters for which \fBisupper()\fR or \fBislower()\fR is true.
 131 .RE
 132 
 133 .sp
 134 .ne 2
 135 .na
 136 \fB\fBisalnum()\fR\fR
 137 .ad
 138 .RS 13n
 139 Tests for any character for which \fBisalpha()\fR or \fBisdigit()\fR is true


 161 .RE
 162 
 163 .sp
 164 .ne 2
 165 .na
 166 \fB\fBiscntrl()\fR\fR
 167 .ad
 168 .RS 13n
 169 Tests for any ``control character'' as defined by the character set.
 170 .RE
 171 
 172 .sp
 173 .ne 2
 174 .na
 175 \fB\fBisdigit()\fR\fR
 176 .ad
 177 .RS 13n
 178 Tests for any decimal-digit character.
 179 .RE
 180 
 181 .SS "Default"
 182 .sp
 183 .ne 2
 184 .na
 185 \fB\fBisgraph()\fR\fR
 186 .ad
 187 .RS 13n
 188 Tests for any character for which \fBispunct()\fR, \fBisupper()\fR,
 189 \fBislower()\fR, and \fBisdigit()\fR is true.
 190 .RE
 191 
 192 .SS "Standard conforming"
 193 .sp
 194 .ne 2
 195 .na
 196 \fB\fBisgraph()\fR\fR
 197 .ad
 198 .RS 13n
 199 Tests for any character for which \fBisalnum()\fR and \fBispunct()\fR are true,
 200 or any character in the current locale-defined "graph" class which is neither a
 201 space ("\|") nor a character for which \fBiscntrl()\fR is true.
 202 .RE
 203 
 204 .sp
 205 .ne 2
 206 .na
 207 \fB\fBislower()\fR\fR
 208 .ad
 209 .RS 13n
 210 Tests for any character that is a lower-case letter or is one of the current
 211 locale-defined set of characters for which none of \fBiscntrl()\fR,
 212 \fBisdigit()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, \fBisspace()\fR, or \fBisupper()\fR is true.
 213 In the "C" locale, \fBislower()\fR returns true only for the characters defined
 214 as lower-case \fBASCII\fR characters.
 215 .RE
 216 
 217 .SS "Default"
 218 .sp
 219 .ne 2
 220 .na
 221 \fB\fBisprint()\fR\fR
 222 .ad
 223 .RS 13n
 224 Tests for any character for which \fBispunct()\fR, \fBisupper()\fR,
 225 \fBislower()\fR, \fBisdigit()\fR, and the space character ("\|") is true.
 226 .RE
 227 
 228 .SS "Standard conforming"
 229 .sp
 230 .ne 2
 231 .na
 232 \fB\fBisprint()\fR\fR
 233 .ad
 234 .RS 13n
 235 Tests for any character for which \fBiscntrl()\fR is false, and
 236 \fBisalnum()\fR, \fBisgraph()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, the space character ("\|"),
 237 and the characters in the current locale-defined "print" class are true.
 238 .RE
 239 
 240 .sp
 241 .ne 2
 242 .na
 243 \fB\fBispunct()\fR\fR
 244 .ad
 245 .RS 13n
 246 Tests for any printing character which is neither a space ("\|") nor a
 247 character for which \fBisalnum()\fR or \fBiscntrl()\fR is true.
 248 .RE
 249 
 250 .sp
 251 .ne 2
 252 .na
 253 \fB\fBisspace()\fR\fR
 254 .ad
 255 .RS 13n
 256 Tests for any space, tab, carriage-return, newline, vertical-tab or form-feed
 257 (standard white-space characters) or for one of the current locale-defined set
 258 of characters for which \fBisalnum()\fR is false.  In the "C" locale,
 259 \fBisspace()\fR returns true only for the standard white-space characters.
 260 .RE
 261 
 262 .sp
 263 .ne 2
 264 .na
 265 \fB\fBisupper()\fR\fR
 266 .ad
 267 .RS 13n
 268 Tests for any character that is an upper-case letter or is one of the current
 269 locale-defined set of characters for which none of \fBiscntrl()\fR,
 270 \fBisdigit()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, \fBisspace()\fR, or \fBislower()\fR is true.
 271 In the "C" locale, \fBisupper()\fR returns true only for the characters defined
 272 as upper-case \fBASCII\fR characters.
 273 .RE
 274 
 275 .SS "Default"
 276 .sp
 277 .ne 2
 278 .na
 279 \fB\fBisxdigit()\fR\fR
 280 .ad
 281 .RS 14n
 282 Tests for any hexadecimal-digit character (\fB[0\(mi9]\fR, \fB[A\(miF]\fR, or
 283 \fB[a\(mif]\fR).
 284 .RE
 285 
 286 .SS "Standard conforming"
 287 .sp
 288 .ne 2
 289 .na
 290 \fB\fBisxdigit()\fR\fR
 291 .ad
 292 .RS 14n
 293 Tests for any hexadecimal-digit character (\fB[0\(mi9]\fR, \fB[A\(miF]\fR, or
 294 \fB[a\(mif]\fR or the current locale-defined sets of characters representing
 295 the hexadecimal digits \fB10\fR to \fB15\fR inclusive). In the "C" locale, only
 296 .sp
 297 .in +2
 298 .nf
 299 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f
 300 .fi
 301 .in -2
 302 
 303 are included.
 304 .RE
 305 
 306 .SH RETURN VALUES
 307 .sp
 308 .LP


   1 '\" te
   2 .\" Copyright 2013 Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
   3 .\" Copyright 1989 AT&T.  Copyright (c) 1992, X/Open Company Limited  All Rights Reserved.  Portions Copyright (c) 2005, Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
   4 .\" Sun Microsystems, Inc. gratefully acknowledges The Open Group for permission to reproduce portions of its copyrighted documentation. Original documentation from The Open Group can be obtained online at
   5 .\" http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/.
   6 .\" The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase "this text" refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html.
   7 .\"  This notice shall appear on any product containing this material.
   8 .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   9 .\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
  10 .\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.  If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
  11 .TH CTYPE 3C "Sep 18, 2013"
  12 .SH NAME
  13 ctype, isalpha, isalnum, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, islower, isprint,
  14 isspace, isupper, ispunct, isgraph, isxdigit \- character handling
  15 .SH SYNOPSIS
  16 .LP
  17 .nf
  18 #include <ctype.h>
  19 
  20 \fBint\fR \fBisalpha\fR(\fBint\fR \fIc\fR);
  21 .fi
  22 
  23 .LP
  24 .nf
  25 \fBint\fR \fBisalnum\fR(\fBint\fR \fIc\fR);
  26 .fi
  27 
  28 .LP
  29 .nf
  30 \fBint\fR \fBisascii\fR(\fBint\fR \fIc\fR);
  31 .fi


  84 .sp
  85 .LP
  86 These macros classify character-coded integer values. Each is a predicate
  87 returning non-zero for true, \fB0\fR for false. The behavior of these macros,
  88 except \fBisascii()\fR, is affected by the current locale (see
  89 \fBsetlocale\fR(3C)). To modify the behavior, change the \fBLC_TYPE\fR category
  90 in  \fBsetlocale()\fR, that is, \fBsetlocale(\fR\fBLC_CTYPE\fR,
  91 \fInewlocale\fR). In the "C" locale, or in a locale where character type
  92 information is not defined, characters are classified according to the rules of
  93 the \fBUS-ASCII\fR 7-bit coded character set.
  94 .sp
  95 .LP
  96 The \fBisascii()\fR macro is defined on all integer values. The rest are
  97 defined only where the argument is an \fBint\fR, the value of which is
  98 representable as an \fBunsigned char\fR, or \fBEOF\fR, which is defined by the
  99 <\fBstdio.h\fR> header and represents end-of-file.
 100 .sp
 101 .LP
 102 Functions exist for all the macros defined below. To get the function form, the
 103 macro name must be undefined (for example, \fB#undef isdigit\fR).















 104 

 105 .sp
 106 .ne 2
 107 .na
 108 \fB\fBisalpha()\fR\fR
 109 .ad
 110 .RS 13n
 111 Tests for any character for which \fBisupper()\fR or \fBislower()\fR is true,
 112 or any character that is one of the current locale-defined set of characters
 113 for which none of \fBiscntrl()\fR, \fBisdigit()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, or
 114 \fBisspace()\fR is true. In "C" locale, \fBisalpha()\fR returns true only for
 115 the characters for which \fBisupper()\fR or \fBislower()\fR is true.
 116 .RE
 117 
 118 .sp
 119 .ne 2
 120 .na
 121 \fB\fBisalnum()\fR\fR
 122 .ad
 123 .RS 13n
 124 Tests for any character for which \fBisalpha()\fR or \fBisdigit()\fR is true


 146 .RE
 147 
 148 .sp
 149 .ne 2
 150 .na
 151 \fB\fBiscntrl()\fR\fR
 152 .ad
 153 .RS 13n
 154 Tests for any ``control character'' as defined by the character set.
 155 .RE
 156 
 157 .sp
 158 .ne 2
 159 .na
 160 \fB\fBisdigit()\fR\fR
 161 .ad
 162 .RS 13n
 163 Tests for any decimal-digit character.
 164 .RE
 165 

 166 .sp
 167 .ne 2
 168 .na
 169 \fB\fBisgraph()\fR\fR
 170 .ad
 171 .RS 13n











 172 Tests for any character for which \fBisalnum()\fR and \fBispunct()\fR are true,
 173 or any character in the current locale-defined "graph" class which is neither a
 174 space ("\|") nor a character for which \fBiscntrl()\fR is true.
 175 .RE
 176 
 177 .sp
 178 .ne 2
 179 .na
 180 \fB\fBislower()\fR\fR
 181 .ad
 182 .RS 13n
 183 Tests for any character that is a lower-case letter or is one of the current
 184 locale-defined set of characters for which none of \fBiscntrl()\fR,
 185 \fBisdigit()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, \fBisspace()\fR, or \fBisupper()\fR is true.
 186 In the "C" locale, \fBislower()\fR returns true only for the characters defined
 187 as lower-case \fBASCII\fR characters.
 188 .RE
 189 

 190 .sp
 191 .ne 2
 192 .na
 193 \fB\fBisprint()\fR\fR
 194 .ad
 195 .RS 13n











 196 Tests for any character for which \fBiscntrl()\fR is false, and
 197 \fBisalnum()\fR, \fBisgraph()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, the space character ("\|"),
 198 and the characters in the current locale-defined "print" class are true.
 199 .RE
 200 
 201 .sp
 202 .ne 2
 203 .na
 204 \fB\fBispunct()\fR\fR
 205 .ad
 206 .RS 13n
 207 Tests for any printing character which is neither a space ("\|") nor a
 208 character for which \fBisalnum()\fR or \fBiscntrl()\fR is true.
 209 .RE
 210 
 211 .sp
 212 .ne 2
 213 .na
 214 \fB\fBisspace()\fR\fR
 215 .ad
 216 .RS 13n
 217 Tests for any space, tab, carriage-return, newline, vertical-tab or form-feed
 218 (standard white-space characters) or for one of the current locale-defined set
 219 of characters for which \fBisalnum()\fR is false.  In the "C" locale,
 220 \fBisspace()\fR returns true only for the standard white-space characters.
 221 .RE
 222 
 223 .sp
 224 .ne 2
 225 .na
 226 \fB\fBisupper()\fR\fR
 227 .ad
 228 .RS 13n
 229 Tests for any character that is an upper-case letter or is one of the current
 230 locale-defined set of characters for which none of \fBiscntrl()\fR,
 231 \fBisdigit()\fR, \fBispunct()\fR, \fBisspace()\fR, or \fBislower()\fR is true.
 232 In the "C" locale, \fBisupper()\fR returns true only for the characters defined
 233 as upper-case \fBASCII\fR characters.
 234 .RE
 235 

 236 .sp
 237 .ne 2











 238 .na
 239 \fB\fBisxdigit()\fR\fR
 240 .ad
 241 .RS 14n
 242 Tests for any hexadecimal-digit character (\fB[0\(mi9]\fR, \fB[A\(miF]\fR, or
 243 \fB[a\(mif]\fR or the current locale-defined sets of characters representing
 244 the hexadecimal digits \fB10\fR to \fB15\fR inclusive). In the "C" locale, only
 245 .sp
 246 .in +2
 247 .nf
 248 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f
 249 .fi
 250 .in -2
 251 
 252 are included.
 253 .RE
 254 
 255 .SH RETURN VALUES
 256 .sp
 257 .LP