1 CD(1) User Commands CD(1)
2
3
4
5 NAME
6 cd, chdir, pushd, popd, dirs - change working directory
7
8 SYNOPSIS
9 /usr/bin/cd [directory]
10
11
12 sh
13 cd [argument]
14
15
16 chdir [argument]
17
18
19 csh
20 cd [dir]
21
22
23 chdir [dir]
24
25
26 pushd [+n | dir]
27
28
29 popd [+n]
30
31
32 dirs [-l]
33
34
35 ksh, ksh93
36 cd [-L] [-P] [arg]
37
38
39 cd old new
40
41
42 DESCRIPTION
43 /usr/bin/cd
44 The /usr/bin/cd utility changes the current directory in the context of
45 the cd utility only. This is in contrast to the version built into the
46 shell. /usr/bin/cd has no effect on the invoking process but can be
47 used to determine whether or not a given directory can be set as the
48 current directory.
49
50 sh
51 The Bourne shell built-in cd changes the current directory to argument.
52 The shell parameter HOME is the default argument. The shell parameter
53 CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing argument.
54 Alternative directory names are separated by a colon (:). The default
55 path is <null> (specifying the current directory). The current
56 directory is specified by a null path name, which can appear
57 immediately after the equal sign or between the colon delimiters
58 anywhere else in the path list. If argument begins with `/', `.', or
59 `..', the search path is not used. Otherwise, each directory in the
60 path is searched for argument. cd must have execute (search) permission
61 in argument. Because a new process is created to execute each command,
62 cd would be ineffective if it were written as a normal command;
63 therefore, it is recognized by and is internal to the shell. (See
64 pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).
65
66
67 chdir is just another way to call cd.
68
69 csh
70 If dir is not specified, the C shell built-in cd uses the value of
71 shell parameter HOME as the new working directory. If dir specifies a
72 complete path starting with `/', `.', or `..', dir becomes the new
73 working directory. If neither case applies, cd tries to find the
74 designated directory relative to one of the paths specified by the
75 CDPATH shell variable. CDPATH has the same syntax as, and similar
76 semantics to, the PATH shell variable. cd must have execute (search)
77 permission in dir. Because a new process is created to execute each
78 command, cd would be ineffective if it were written as a normal
79 command; therefore, it is recognized by and is internal to the C-shell.
80 (See pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).
81
82
83 chdir changes the shell's working directory to directory dir. If no
84 argument is given, change to the home directory of the user. If dir is
85 a relative pathname not found in the current directory, check for it in
86 those directories listed in the cdpath variable. If dir is the name of
87 a shell variable whose value starts with a /, change to the directory
88 named by that value.
97
98 dir
99 Push the current working directory onto the stack and change to
100 dir.
101
102
103
104 popd pops the directory stack and cd to the new top directory. The
105 elements of the directory stack are numbered from 0 starting at the
106 top.
107
108 +n
109 Discard the n'th entry in the stack.
110
111
112
113 dirs prints the directory stack, most recent to the left; the first
114 directory shown is the current directory. With the -l argument, produce
115 an unabbreviated printout; use of the ~ notation is suppressed.
116
117 ksh, ksh93
118 The Korn shell built-in cd command can be in either of two forms. In
119 the first form it changes the current directory to arg. If arg is - the
120 directory is changed to the previous directory. The shell variable HOME
121 is the default arg. The environment variable PWD is set to the current
122 directory. If the PWD is changed, the OLDPWD environment variable shall
123 also be changed to the value of the old working directory, that is, the
124 current working directory immediately prior to the call to change
125 directory (cd). The shell variable CDPATH defines the search path for
126 the directory containing arg. Alternative directory names are separated
127 by a colon (:). The default path is null (specifying the current
128 directory). The current directory is specified by a null path name,
129 which can appear immediately after the equal sign or between the colon
130 delimiters anywhere else in the path list. If arg begins with a `/',
131 `.', or `..', then the search path is not used. Otherwise, each
132 directory in the path is searched for arg. If unsuccessful, cd attempts
133 to change directories to the pathname formed by the concatenation of
134 the value of PWD, a slash character, and arg.
135
136 -L
137 Handles the operation dot-dot (..) logically. Symbolic link
141
142 -P
143 Handles the operand dot-dot physically. Symbolic link components
144 are resolved before dot-dot components are processed.
145
146
147
148 If both -L and -P options are specified, the last option to be invoked
149 is used and the other is ignored. If neither -L nor -P is specified,
150 the operand is handled dot-dot logically.
151
152
153 The second form of cd substitutes the string new for the string old in
154 the current directory name, PWD and tries to change to this new
155 directory.
156
157
158 The cd command cannot be executed by rksh. Because a new process is
159 created to execute each command, cd would be ineffective if it were
160 written as a normal command; therefore, it is recognized by and is
161 internal to the Korn shell. (See pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).
162
163 OPERANDS
164 The following operands are supported:
165
166 directory
167 An absolute or relative pathname of the directory that
168 becomes the new working directory. The interpretation of a
169 relative pathname by cd depends on the CDPATH environment
170 variable.
171
172
173 OUTPUT
174 If a non-empty directory name from CDPATH is used, an absolute pathname
175 of the new working directory is written to the standard output as
176 follows:
177
178
179 "%s\n", <new directory>
180
181
209
210 PWD
211 A pathname of the current working directory, set by cd after
212 it has changed to that directory.
213
214
215 EXIT STATUS
216 The following exit values are returned by cd:
217
218 0
219 The directory was successfully changed.
220
221
222 >0
223 An error occurred.
224
225
226 ATTRIBUTES
227 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
228
229 csh, ksh, sh
230
231
232
233 +--------------------+-------------------+
234 | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
235 +--------------------+-------------------+
236 |Interface Stability | Committed |
237 +--------------------+-------------------+
238 |Standard | See standards(5). |
239 +--------------------+-------------------+
240
241 ksh93
242
243
244
245 +--------------------+-----------------+
246 | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
247 +--------------------+-----------------+
248 |Interface Stability | Uncommitted |
249 +--------------------+-----------------+
250
251 SEE ALSO
252 csh(1), ksh(1), ksh93(1), pwd(1), sh(1), chdir(2), attributes(5),
253 environ(5), standards(5)
254
255
256
257 April 8, 2008 CD(1)
|
1 CD(1) User Commands CD(1)
2
3
4
5 NAME
6 cd, chdir, pushd, popd, dirs - change working directory
7
8 SYNOPSIS
9 /usr/bin/cd [directory]
10
11
12 csh
13 cd [dir]
14
15
16 chdir [dir]
17
18
19 pushd [+n | dir]
20
21
22 popd [+n]
23
24
25 dirs [-l]
26
27
28 ksh93
29 cd [-L] [-P] [arg]
30
31
32 cd old new
33
34
35 DESCRIPTION
36 /usr/bin/cd
37 The /usr/bin/cd utility changes the current directory in the context of
38 the cd utility only. This is in contrast to the version built into the
39 shell. /usr/bin/cd has no effect on the invoking process but can be
40 used to determine whether or not a given directory can be set as the
41 current directory.
42
43 csh
44 If dir is not specified, the C shell built-in cd uses the value of
45 shell parameter HOME as the new working directory. If dir specifies a
46 complete path starting with `/', `.', or `..', dir becomes the new
47 working directory. If neither case applies, cd tries to find the
48 designated directory relative to one of the paths specified by the
49 CDPATH shell variable. CDPATH has the same syntax as, and similar
50 semantics to, the PATH shell variable. cd must have execute (search)
51 permission in dir. Because a new process is created to execute each
52 command, cd would be ineffective if it were written as a normal
53 command; therefore, it is recognized by and is internal to the C-shell.
54 (See pwd(1), sh(1), and chdir(2)).
55
56
57 chdir changes the shell's working directory to directory dir. If no
58 argument is given, change to the home directory of the user. If dir is
59 a relative pathname not found in the current directory, check for it in
60 those directories listed in the cdpath variable. If dir is the name of
61 a shell variable whose value starts with a /, change to the directory
62 named by that value.
71
72 dir
73 Push the current working directory onto the stack and change to
74 dir.
75
76
77
78 popd pops the directory stack and cd to the new top directory. The
79 elements of the directory stack are numbered from 0 starting at the
80 top.
81
82 +n
83 Discard the n'th entry in the stack.
84
85
86
87 dirs prints the directory stack, most recent to the left; the first
88 directory shown is the current directory. With the -l argument, produce
89 an unabbreviated printout; use of the ~ notation is suppressed.
90
91 ksh93
92 The Korn shell built-in cd command can be in either of two forms. In
93 the first form it changes the current directory to arg. If arg is - the
94 directory is changed to the previous directory. The shell variable HOME
95 is the default arg. The environment variable PWD is set to the current
96 directory. If the PWD is changed, the OLDPWD environment variable shall
97 also be changed to the value of the old working directory, that is, the
98 current working directory immediately prior to the call to change
99 directory (cd). The shell variable CDPATH defines the search path for
100 the directory containing arg. Alternative directory names are separated
101 by a colon (:). The default path is null (specifying the current
102 directory). The current directory is specified by a null path name,
103 which can appear immediately after the equal sign or between the colon
104 delimiters anywhere else in the path list. If arg begins with a `/',
105 `.', or `..', then the search path is not used. Otherwise, each
106 directory in the path is searched for arg. If unsuccessful, cd attempts
107 to change directories to the pathname formed by the concatenation of
108 the value of PWD, a slash character, and arg.
109
110 -L
111 Handles the operation dot-dot (..) logically. Symbolic link
115
116 -P
117 Handles the operand dot-dot physically. Symbolic link components
118 are resolved before dot-dot components are processed.
119
120
121
122 If both -L and -P options are specified, the last option to be invoked
123 is used and the other is ignored. If neither -L nor -P is specified,
124 the operand is handled dot-dot logically.
125
126
127 The second form of cd substitutes the string new for the string old in
128 the current directory name, PWD and tries to change to this new
129 directory.
130
131
132 The cd command cannot be executed by rksh. Because a new process is
133 created to execute each command, cd would be ineffective if it were
134 written as a normal command; therefore, it is recognized by and is
135 internal to the Korn shell. (See pwd(1), ksh93(1), and chdir(2)).
136
137 OPERANDS
138 The following operands are supported:
139
140 directory
141 An absolute or relative pathname of the directory that
142 becomes the new working directory. The interpretation of a
143 relative pathname by cd depends on the CDPATH environment
144 variable.
145
146
147 OUTPUT
148 If a non-empty directory name from CDPATH is used, an absolute pathname
149 of the new working directory is written to the standard output as
150 follows:
151
152
153 "%s\n", <new directory>
154
155
183
184 PWD
185 A pathname of the current working directory, set by cd after
186 it has changed to that directory.
187
188
189 EXIT STATUS
190 The following exit values are returned by cd:
191
192 0
193 The directory was successfully changed.
194
195
196 >0
197 An error occurred.
198
199
200 ATTRIBUTES
201 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
202
203 csh
204
205 +--------------------+-------------------+
206 | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
207 +--------------------+-------------------+
208 |Interface Stability | Committed |
209 +--------------------+-------------------+
210 |Standard | See standards(5). |
211 +--------------------+-------------------+
212
213 ksh93
214
215 +--------------------+-----------------+
216 | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
217 +--------------------+-----------------+
218 |Interface Stability | Uncommitted |
219 +--------------------+-----------------+
220
221 SEE ALSO
222 csh(1), ksh93(1), pwd(1), chdir(2), attributes(5), environ(5),
223 standards(5)
224
225
226
227 February 9, 2021 CD(1)
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