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  47 .TH SOCKET.H 3HEAD "Sep 18, 2020"
  48 .SH NAME
  49 socket.h, socket, CMSG_DATA, CMSG_FIRSTHDR, CMSG_LEN, CMSG_NXTHDR, CMSG_SPACE \- Internet Protocol family
  50 .SH SYNOPSIS
  51 .nf
  52 \fB#include <sys/socket.h>\fR
  53 .fi
  54 
  55 .SH DESCRIPTION
  56 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the unsigned integral type
  57 \fBsa_family_t\fR through \fBtypedef\fR.
  58 .sp
  59 .LP
  60 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the \fBsockaddr\fR structure that
  61 includes the following members:
  62 .sp
  63 .in +2
  64 .nf
  65 sa_family_t   sa_family     /* address family */
  66 char          sa_data[]     /* socket   address (variable-length
  67                                 data) */
  68 .fi
  69 .in -2
  70 
  71 .SS "\fBlibxnet\fR Interfaces"
  72 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the \fBmsghdr\fR structure for
  73 \fBlibxnet\fR interfaces that includes the following members:
  74 .sp
  75 .in +2
  76 .nf
  77 void            *msg_name         /* optional address */
  78 socklen_t       msg_namelen       /* size of address */
  79 struct iovec    *msg_iov          /* scatter/gather array */
  80 int             msg_iovlen        /* members in msg_iov */
  81 void            *msg_control      /* ancillary data, see below */
  82 socklen_t       msg_controllen    /* ancillary data buffer len */
  83 int             msg_flags         /* flags on received message */
  84 .fi
  85 .in -2
  86 
  87 .sp
  88 .LP
  89 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the \fBcmsghdr\fR structure for
  90 \fBlibxnet\fR that includes the following members:
  91 .sp
  92 .in +2
  93 .nf
  94 socklen_t  cmsg_len      /* data byte count, including hdr */
  95 int        cmsg_level    /* originating protocol */
  96 int        cmsg_type     /* protocol-specific type */
  97 .fi
  98 .in -2
  99 
 100 .sp
 101 .LP
 102 Ancillary data consists of a sequence of pairs, each consisting of a
 103 \fBcmsghdr\fR structure followed by a data array. The data array contains the
 104 ancillary data message, and the \fBcmsghdr\fR structure contains descriptive
 105 information that allows an application to correctly parse the data.
 106 .sp
 107 .LP
 108 The values for \fBcmsg_level\fR will be legal values for the level argument to
 109 the \fBgetsockopt()\fR and \fBsetsockopt()\fR functions. The \fBSCM_RIGHTS\fR
 110 type is supported for level \fBSOL_SOCKET\fR.
 111 .sp
 112 .LP
 113 Ancillary data is also possible at the socket level. The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR
 114 header defines the following macros for use as the \fBcmsg_type\fR values when
 115 \fBcmsg_level\fR is \fBSOL_SOCKET\fR.
 116 .sp
 117 .ne 2
 118 .na
 119 \fBSCM_RIGHTS\fR
 120 .ad
 121 .RS 14n
 122 Indicates that the data array contains the access rights (set of open file
 123 descriptors) to be sent or received.
 124 .RE
 125 
 126 .sp
 127 .ne 2
 128 .na
 129 \fBSCM_UCRED\fR
 130 .ad
 131 .RS 14n
 132 Indicates that the data array contains a \fBucred_t\fR to be received. The
 133 \fBucred_t\fR is the credential of the sending process at the time the message
 134 was sent. This is a Sun-specific, Evolving interface. See \fBucred_get\fR(3C).
 135 .RE
 136 
 137 .sp
 138 .LP
 139 The IPv4 ancillary data formats are listed below by \fBcmsg_level\fR and
 140 \fBcmsg_type\fR, along with the associated payload for each.
 141 .sp
 142 .ne 2
 143 .na
 144 \fBIPPROTO_IP\fR, \fBIP_RECVDSTADDR\fR \(em \fBSOCK_DGRAM\fR only
 145 .ad
 146 .sp .6
 147 .RS 4n
 148 \fBipaddr_t\fR, IP address
 149 .RE
 150 
 151 .sp
 152 .ne 2
 153 .na
 154 \fBIPPROTO_IP\fR, \fBIP_RECVIF\fR
 155 .ad
 156 .sp .6
 157 .RS 4n
 158 \fBuint_t\fR, \fBifIndex\fR number
 159 .RE
 160 
 161 .sp
 162 .ne 2
 163 .na
 164 \fBIPPROTO_IP\fR, \fBIP_RECVOPTS\fR \(em \fBSOCK_DGRAM\fR only
 165 .ad
 166 .sp .6
 167 .RS 4n
 168 variable-length IP options, up to 40 bytes
 169 .RE
 170 
 171 .sp
 172 .ne 2
 173 .na
 174 \fBIPPROTO_IP\fR, \fBIP_RECVPKTINFO\fR \(em \fBSOCK_DGRAM\fR only
 175 .ad
 176 .sp .6
 177 .RS 4n
 178 \fBin_pktinfo_t\fR
 179 .RE
 180 
 181 .sp
 182 .ne 2
 183 .na
 184 \fBIPPROTO_IP\fR, \fBIP_RECVSLLA\fR \(em \fBSOCK_DGRAM\fR only
 185 .ad
 186 .sp .6
 187 .RS 4n
 188 \fBstruct sockaddr_dl\fR, link layer address
 189 .RE
 190 
 191 .sp
 192 .ne 2
 193 .na
 194 \fBIPPROTO_IP\fR, \fBIP_RECVTTL\fR \(em \fBSOCK_DGRAM\fR only
 195 .ad
 196 .sp .6
 197 .RS 4n
 198 \fBuint8_t\fR, the IP TTL (time to live)
 199 .RE
 200 
 201 .sp
 202 .ne 2
 203 .na
 204 \fBIPPROTO_IP\fR, \fBIP_RECVTOS\fR
 205 .ad
 206 .sp .6
 207 .RS 4n
 208 \fBuint8_t\fR, the IP TOS (type of service)
 209 .RE
 210 
 211 .sp
 212 .ne 2
 213 .na
 214 \fBSOL_SOCKET\fR, \fBSO_UCRED\fR
 215 .ad
 216 .sp .6
 217 .RS 4n
 218 \fBucred_t\fR
 219 .RE
 220 
 221 .sp
 222 .LP
 223 The IPv6 ancillary data formats are listed below by \fBcmsg_level\fR and
 224 \fBcmsg_type\fR, along with the associated payload for each.
 225 .sp
 226 .ne 2
 227 .na
 228 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_PKTINFO\fR
 229 .ad
 230 .sp .6
 231 .RS 4n
 232 \fBin_pktinfo_t\fR
 233 .RE
 234 
 235 .sp
 236 .ne 2
 237 .na
 238 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_TCLASS\fR
 239 .ad
 240 .sp .6
 241 .RS 4n
 242 \fBuint_t\fR
 243 .RE
 244 
 245 .sp
 246 .ne 2
 247 .na
 248 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_PATHMTU\fR
 249 .ad
 250 .sp .6
 251 .RS 4n
 252 \fBip6_mtuinfo\fR
 253 .RE
 254 
 255 .sp
 256 .ne 2
 257 .na
 258 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_HOPLIMIT\fR
 259 .ad
 260 .sp .6
 261 .RS 4n
 262 \fBuint_t\fR
 263 .RE
 264 
 265 .sp
 266 .ne 2
 267 .na
 268 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_HOPOPTS\fR
 269 .ad
 270 .sp .6
 271 .RS 4n
 272 variable-length IPv6 options
 273 .RE
 274 
 275 .sp
 276 .ne 2
 277 .na
 278 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_DSTOPTS\fR
 279 .ad
 280 .sp .6
 281 .RS 4n
 282 variable-length IPv6 options
 283 .RE
 284 
 285 .sp
 286 .ne 2
 287 .na
 288 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_RTHDR\fR
 289 .ad
 290 .sp .6
 291 .RS 4n
 292 variable-length IPv6 options
 293 .RE
 294 
 295 .sp
 296 .ne 2
 297 .na
 298 \fBIPPROTO_IPV6\fR, \fBIPV6_DSTOPTS\fR
 299 .ad
 300 .sp .6
 301 .RS 4n
 302 variable-length IPv6 options
 303 .RE
 304 
 305 .sp
 306 .LP
 307 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the following macros to gain access to
 308 the data arrays in the ancillary data associated with a message header:
 309 .sp
 310 .ne 2
 311 .na
 312 \fB\fBCMSG_DATA(\fR\fIcmsg\fR)\fR
 313 .ad
 314 .sp .6
 315 .RS 4n
 316 If the argument is a pointer to a \fBcmsghdr\fR structure, this macro returns
 317 an unsigned character pointer to the data array associated with the
 318 \fBcmsghdr\fR structure.
 319 .RE
 320 
 321 .sp
 322 .ne 2
 323 .na
 324 \fB\fBCMSG_NXTHDR(\fR\fImhdr\fR, \fIcmsg\fR)\fR
 325 .ad
 326 .sp .6
 327 .RS 4n
 328 If the first argument is a pointer to a \fBmsghdr\fR structure and the second
 329 argument is a pointer to a \fBcmsghdr\fR structure in the ancillary data,
 330 pointed to by the \fBmsg_control\fR field of that \fBmsghdr\fR structure, this
 331 macro returns a pointer to the next \fBcmsghdr\fR structure, or a null pointer
 332 if this structure is the last \fBcmsghdr\fR in the ancillary data.
 333 .RE
 334 
 335 .sp
 336 .ne 2
 337 .na
 338 \fB\fBCMSG_FIRSTHDR(\fR\fImhdr\fR)\fR
 339 .ad
 340 .sp .6
 341 .RS 4n
 342 If the argument is a pointer to a \fBmsghdr\fR structure, this macro returns a
 343 pointer to the first \fBcmsghdr\fR structure in the ancillary data associated
 344 with this \fBmsghdr\fR structure, or a null pointer if there is no ancillary
 345 data associated with the \fBmsghdr\fR structure.
 346 .RE
 347 
 348 .sp
 349 .ne 2
 350 .na
 351 \fB\fBCMSG_SPACE\fR(\fIlen\fR)\fR
 352 .ad
 353 .sp .6
 354 .RS 4n
 355 Given the length of an ancillary data object, \fBCMSG_SPACE()\fR returns the
 356 space required by the object and its \fBcmsghdr\fR structure, including any
 357 padding needed to satisfy alignment requirements. This macro can be used, for
 358 example, to allocate space dynamically for the ancillary data. This macro
 359 should not be used to initialize the \fBcmsg_len\fR member of a \fBcmsghdr\fR
 360 structure. Use the \fBCMSG_LEN()\fR macro instead.
 361 .RE
 362 
 363 .sp
 364 .ne 2
 365 .na
 366 \fB\fBCMSG_LEN\fR(\fIlen\fR)\fR
 367 .ad
 368 .sp .6
 369 .RS 4n
 370 Given the length of an ancillary data object, \fBCMSG_LEN()\fR returns the
 371 value to store in the cmsg_len member of the \fBcmsghdr\fR structure, taking
 372 into account any padding needed to satisfy alignment requirements.
 373 .RE
 374 
 375 .sp
 376 .LP
 377 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the \fBlinger\fR structure that
 378 includes the following members:
 379 .sp
 380 .in +2
 381 .nf
 382 int   l_onoff   /* indicates  whether  linger option is enabled */
 383 int   l_linger  /* linger time, in seconds */
 384 .fi
 385 .in -2
 386 
 387 .sp
 388 .LP
 389 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the following macros:
 390 .sp
 391 .ne 2
 392 .na
 393 \fBSOCK_DGRAM\fR
 394 .ad
 395 .RS 18n
 396 Datagram socket
 397 .RE
 398 
 399 .sp
 400 .ne 2
 401 .na
 402 \fBSOCK_STREAM\fR
 403 .ad
 404 .RS 18n
 405 Byte-stream socket
 406 .RE
 407 
 408 .sp
 409 .ne 2
 410 .na
 411 \fBSOCK_SEQPACKET\fR
 412 .ad
 413 .RS 18n
 414 Sequenced-packet socket
 415 .RE
 416 
 417 .sp
 418 .LP
 419 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the following macros for use as the
 420 \fIlevel\fR argument of \fBsetsockopt()\fR and \fBgetsockopt()\fR.
 421 .sp
 422 .ne 2
 423 .na
 424 \fBSOL_SOCKET\fR
 425 .ad
 426 .RS 14n
 427 Options to be accessed at the socket level, not the protocol level.
 428 .RE
 429 
 430 .sp
 431 .ne 2
 432 .na
 433 \fBSOL_ROUTE\fR
 434 .ad
 435 .RS 14n
 436 Options to be accessed at the routing socket level, not the protocol level.
 437 .RE
 438 
 439 .sp
 440 .LP
 441 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the following macros for use as the
 442 \fIoption_name\fR argument of \fBgetsockopt()\fR or \fBsetsockopt()\fR calls:
 443 .sp
 444 .ne 2
 445 .na
 446 \fBSO_DEBUG\fR
 447 .ad
 448 .RS 17n
 449 Debugging information is being recorded.
 450 .RE
 451 
 452 .sp
 453 .ne 2
 454 .na
 455 \fBSO_ACCEPTCONN\fR
 456 .ad
 457 .RS 17n
 458 Socket is accepting connections.
 459 .RE
 460 
 461 .sp
 462 .ne 2
 463 .na
 464 \fBSO_BROADCAST\fR
 465 .ad
 466 .RS 17n
 467 Transmission of broadcast messages is supported.
 468 .RE
 469 
 470 .sp
 471 .ne 2
 472 .na
 473 \fBSO_REUSEADDR\fR
 474 .ad
 475 .RS 17n
 476 Reuse of local addresses is supported.
 477 .RE
 478 
 479 .sp
 480 .ne 2
 481 .na
 482 \fBSO_KEEPALIVE\fR
 483 .ad
 484 .RS 17n
 485 Connections are kept alive with periodic messages.
 486 .RE
 487 
 488 .sp
 489 .ne 2
 490 .na
 491 \fBSO_LINGER\fR
 492 .ad
 493 .RS 17n
 494 Socket lingers on close.
 495 .RE
 496 
 497 .sp
 498 .ne 2
 499 .na
 500 \fBSO_OOBINLINE\fR
 501 .ad
 502 .RS 17n
 503 Out-of-band data is transmitted in line.
 504 .RE
 505 
 506 .sp
 507 .ne 2
 508 .na
 509 \fBSO_SNDBUF\fR
 510 .ad
 511 .RS 17n
 512 Send buffer size.
 513 .RE
 514 
 515 .sp
 516 .ne 2
 517 .na
 518 \fBSO_RCVBUF\fR
 519 .ad
 520 .RS 17n
 521 Receive buffer size.
 522 .RE
 523 
 524 .sp
 525 .ne 2
 526 .na
 527 \fBSO_ERROR\fR
 528 .ad
 529 .RS 17n
 530 Socket error status.
 531 .RE
 532 
 533 .sp
 534 .ne 2
 535 .na
 536 \fBSO_TYPE\fR
 537 .ad
 538 .RS 17n
 539 Socket type.
 540 .RE
 541 
 542 .sp
 543 .ne 2
 544 .na
 545 \fBSO_RECVUCRED\fR
 546 .ad
 547 .RS 17n
 548 Request the reception of user credential ancillary data. This is a
 549 Sun-specific, Evolving interface. See \fBucred_get\fR(3C).
 550 .RE
 551 
 552 .sp
 553 .ne 2
 554 .na
 555 \fBSO_MAC_EXEMPT\fR
 556 .ad
 557 .RS 17n
 558 Mandatory Access Control (\fBMAC\fR) exemption for unlabeled peers. This option
 559 is available only if the system is configured with Trusted Extensions.
 560 .RE
 561 
 562 .sp
 563 .ne 2
 564 .na
 565 \fBSO_ALLZONES\fR
 566 .ad
 567 .RS 17n
 568 Bypass zone boundaries (privileged).
 569 .RE
 570 
 571 .sp
 572 .LP
 573 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the following macros for use as the
 574 valid values for the \fBmsg_flags\fR field in the \fBmsghdr\fR structure, or
 575 the flags parameter in \fBrecvfrom()\fR, \fBrecvmsg()\fR, \fBsendto()\fR, or
 576 \fBsendmsg()\fR calls:
 577 .sp
 578 .ne 2
 579 .na
 580 \fBMSG_CTRUNC\fR
 581 .ad
 582 .RS 15n
 583 Control data truncated.
 584 .RE
 585 
 586 .sp
 587 .ne 2
 588 .na
 589 \fBMSG_EOR\fR
 590 .ad
 591 .RS 15n
 592 Terminates a record (if supported by the protocol).
 593 .RE
 594 
 595 .sp
 596 .ne 2
 597 .na
 598 \fBMSG_OOB\fR
 599 .ad
 600 .RS 15n
 601 Out-of-band data.
 602 .RE
 603 
 604 .sp
 605 .ne 2
 606 .na
 607 \fBMSG_PEEK\fR
 608 .ad
 609 .RS 15n
 610 Leave received data in queue.
 611 .RE
 612 
 613 .sp
 614 .ne 2
 615 .na
 616 \fBMSG_TRUNC\fR
 617 .ad
 618 .RS 15n
 619 Normal data truncated.
 620 .RE
 621 
 622 .sp
 623 .ne 2
 624 .na
 625 \fBMSG_WAITALL\fR
 626 .ad
 627 .RS 15n
 628 Wait for complete message.
 629 .RE
 630 
 631 .sp
 632 .ne 2
 633 .na
 634 \fBMSG_NOSIGNAL\fR
 635 .ad
 636 .RS 15n
 637 Do not generate \fBSIGPIPE\fR signal.
 638 .RE
 639 
 640 .sp
 641 .LP
 642 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the following macros:
 643 .sp
 644 .ne 2
 645 .na
 646 \fBAF_UNIX\fR
 647 .ad
 648 .RS 11n
 649 UNIX domain sockets
 650 .RE
 651 
 652 .sp
 653 .ne 2
 654 .na
 655 \fBAF_INET\fR
 656 .ad
 657 .RS 11n
 658 Internet domain sockets
 659 .RE
 660 
 661 .sp
 662 .LP
 663 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the following macros:
 664 .sp
 665 .ne 2
 666 .na
 667 \fBSHUT_RD\fR
 668 .ad
 669 .RS 13n
 670 Disables further receive operations.
 671 .RE
 672 
 673 .sp
 674 .ne 2
 675 .na
 676 \fBSHUT_WR\fR
 677 .ad
 678 .RS 13n
 679 Disables further send operations.
 680 .RE
 681 
 682 .sp
 683 .ne 2
 684 .na
 685 \fBSHUT_RDWR\fR
 686 .ad
 687 .RS 13n
 688 Disables further send and receive operations.
 689 .RE
 690 
 691 .SS "\fBlibsocket\fR Interfaces"
 692 The \fB<sys/socket.h>\fR header defines the \fBmsghdr\fR structure for
 693 \fBlibsocket\fR interfaces that includes the following members:
 694 .sp
 695 .in +2
 696 .nf
 697 void           *msg_name        /* optional address */
 698 socklen_t      msg_namelen      /* size of address */
 699 struct iovec   *msg_iov         /* scatter/gather array */
 700 int            msg_iovlen       /* # elements in msg_iov */
 701 caddr_t        msg_accrights    /* access rights sent/received */
 702 .fi
 703 .in -2
 704 
 705 .sp
 706 .LP
 707 The \fImsg_name\fR and \fImsg_namelen\fR parameters specify the destination
 708 address when the socket is unconnected The \fImsg_name\fR can be specified as a
 709 \fINULL\fR pointer if no names are desired or required. The \fImsg_iov\fR and
 710 \fImsg_iovlen\fR parameters describe the scatter-gather locations, as described
 711 in \fBread\fR(2). The \fImsg_accrights\fR parameter specifies the buffer in
 712 which access rights sent along with the message are received. The
 713 \fImsg_accrightslen\fR specifies the length of the buffer.
 714 .SH ATTRIBUTES
 715 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
 716 .sp
 717 
 718 .sp
 719 .TS
 720 box;
 721 c | c
 722 l | l .
 723 ATTRIBUTE TYPE  ATTRIBUTE VALUE
 724 _
 725 Interface Stability     Standard
 726 .TE
 727 
 728 .SH SEE ALSO
 729 \fBaccept\fR(3SOCKET), \fBaccept\fR(3XNET), \fBbind\fR(3SOCKET),
 730 \fBbind\fR(3XNET), \fBconnect\fR(3SOCKET), \fBconnect\fR(3XNET),
 731 \fBgetpeername\fR(3SOCKET), \fBgetpeername\fR(3XNET), \fBgetpeerucred\fR(3C),
 732 \fBgetsockname\fR(3SOCKET), \fBgetsockname\fR(3XNET),
 733 \fBgetsockopt\fR(3SOCKET), \fBgetsockopt\fR(3XNET), \fBlibsocket\fR(3LIB),
 734 \fBlisten\fR(3SOCKET), \fBlisten\fR(3XNET), \fBrecv\fR(3SOCKET),
 735 \fBrecv\fR(3XNET), \fBrecvfrom\fR(3SOCKET), \fBrecvfrom\fR(3XNET),
 736 \fBrecvmsg\fR(3SOCKET), \fBrecvmsg\fR(3XNET), \fBsend\fR(3SOCKET),
 737 \fBsend\fR(3XNET), \fBsendmsg\fR(3SOCKET), \fBsendmsg\fR(3XNET),
 738 \fBsendto\fR(3SOCKET), \fBsendto\fR(3XNET), \fBsetsockopt\fR(3SOCKET),
 739 \fBsetsockopt\fR(3XNET), \fBshutdown\fR(3SOCKET), \fBshutdown\fR(3XNET),
 740 \fBsockaddr\fR(3SOCKET),
 741 \fBsocket\fR(3SOCKET), \fBsocket\fR(3XNET), \fBsocketpair\fR(3SOCKET),
 742 \fBsocketpair\fR(3XNET), \fBucred_get\fR(3C), \fBattributes\fR(5),
 743 \fBstandards\fR(5)