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   6 .TH RMFORMAT 1 "Feb 19, 2009"
   7 .SH NAME
   8 rmformat \- removable rewritable media format utility
   9 .SH SYNOPSIS
  10 .LP
  11 .nf
  12 \fBrmformat\fR [\fB-DeHUv\fR] [\fB-b\fR \fIlabel\fR] [\fB-c\fR \fIblockno\fR]
  13      [\fB-F\fRquick | long | force ] [\fB-s\fR \fIfilename\fR] [\fIdevname\fR]
  14 .fi
  15 
  16 .LP
  17 .nf
  18 \fBrmformat\fR \fB-V\fR read | write \fIdevname\fR
  19 .fi
  20 
  21 .LP
  22 .nf
  23 \fBrmformat\fR \fB-l\fR [\fIdevname\fR]
  24 .fi
  25 
  26 .SH DESCRIPTION
  27 .sp
  28 .LP
  29 The \fBrmformat\fR utility is used to format, label, partition, and perform
  30 other miscellaneous functions on removable, rewritable media that include
  31 floppy drives, and the \fBPCMCIA\fR memory and \fBata\fR cards. The
  32 \fBrmformat\fR utility should also be  used with all USB mass storage devices,
  33 including USB hard drives. This utility can also be used for the verification
  34 and surface analysis and for repair of the bad sectors found during
  35 verification if the drive or the driver supports bad block management.
  36 .sp
  37 .LP
  38 After formatting, \fBrmformat\fR writes the label, which covers the full
  39 capacity of the media as one slice on floppy and \fBPCMCIA\fR memory cards to
  40 maintain compatibility with the behavior of \fBfdformat\fR. The partition
  41 information can be changed with the help of other options provided by
  42 \fBrmformat\fR.
  43 .SH OPTIONS
  44 .sp
  45 .LP
  46 The following options are supported:
  47 .sp
  48 .ne 2
  49 .na
  50 \fB\fB-b\fR \fIlabel\fR\fR
  51 .ad
  52 .sp .6
  53 .RS 4n
  54 Labels the media with a SUNOS label. A SUNOS volume label name is restricted to
  55 8 characters. For media size greater than 1 TB, an EFI label is created. For
  56 writing a \fBDOS\fR Volume label, the user should use \fBmkfs_pcfs\fR(1M).
  57 .RE
  58 
  59 .sp
  60 .ne 2
  61 .na
  62 \fB\fB-c\fR \fIblockno\fR\fR
  63 .ad
  64 .sp .6
  65 .RS 4n
  66 Corrects and repairs the given block. This correct and repair option may not be
  67 applicable to all devices supported by \fBrmformat\fR, as some devices may have
  68 a drive with bad block management capability and others may have this option
  69 implemented in the driver. If the drive or driver supports bad block
  70 management, a best effort is made to rectify the bad block. If the bad block
  71 still cannot be rectified, a message is displayed to indicate the failure to
  72 repair. The block number can be provided in decimal, octal, or hexadecimal
  73 format.
  74 .sp
  75 The normal floppy and \fBPCMCIA\fR memory and ata cards do not support bad
  76 block management.
  77 .RE
  78 
  79 .sp
  80 .ne 2
  81 .na
  82 \fB\fB-D\fR\fR
  83 .ad
  84 .sp .6
  85 .RS 4n
  86 Formats a 720KB (3.5 inch) double density diskette. This is the default for
  87 double density type drives. This option is needed if the drive is a high or
  88 extended-density type.
  89 .RE
  90 
  91 .sp
  92 .ne 2
  93 .na
  94 \fB\fB-e\fR\fR
  95 .ad
  96 .sp .6
  97 .RS 4n
  98 Ejects the media upon completion. This feature may not be available if the
  99 drive does not support motorized eject.
 100 .RE
 101 
 102 .sp
 103 .ne 2
 104 .na
 105 \fB\fB-F\fR quick | long | force\fR
 106 .ad
 107 .sp .6
 108 .RS 4n
 109 Formats the media.
 110 .sp
 111 The \fBquick\fR option starts a format without certification or format with
 112 limited certification of certain tracks on the media.
 113 .sp
 114 The \fBlong\fR option starts a complete format. For some devices this might
 115 include the certification of the whole media by the drive itself.
 116 .sp
 117 The \fBforce\fR option to format is provided to start a long format without
 118 user confirmation before the format is  started.
 119 .sp
 120 In legacy media such as floppy drives, all options start a long format
 121 depending on the mode (Extended Density mode, High Density mode, or Double
 122 Density mode) with which the floppy drive operates by default. On \fBPCMCIA\fR
 123 memory cards, all options start a long format.
 124 .RE
 125 
 126 .sp
 127 .ne 2
 128 .na
 129 \fB\fB-H\fR\fR
 130 .ad
 131 .sp .6
 132 .RS 4n
 133 Formats a 1.44 MB (3.5 inch) high density diskette. This is the default for
 134 high density type drives. It is needed if the drive is the Extended Density
 135 type.
 136 .RE
 137 
 138 .sp
 139 .ne 2
 140 .na
 141 \fB\fB-l\fR\fR
 142 .ad
 143 .sp .6
 144 .RS 4n
 145 Lists all removable devices. By default, without any options, \fBrmformat\fR
 146 also lists all removable devices. If the \fBdev_name\fR is given,
 147 \fBrmformat\fR lists the device associated with the \fBdev_name\fR. The output
 148 shows the device pathname, vendor information, and the device type.
 149 .RE
 150 
 151 .sp
 152 .ne 2
 153 .na
 154 \fB\fB-s\fR \fIfilename\fR\fR
 155 .ad
 156 .sp .6
 157 .RS 4n
 158 Enables the user to lay out the partition information in the SUNOS label.
 159 .sp
 160 The user should provide a file as input with information about each slice in a
 161 format providing byte offset, size required, tags, and flags, as follows:
 162 .sp
 163 .in +2
 164 .nf
 165 slices: \fIn\fR = \fIoffset\fR, \fIsize\fR [, \fIflags\fR, \fItags\fR]
 166 .fi
 167 .in -2
 168 .sp
 169 
 170 where \fIn\fR is the slice number, \fIoffset\fR is the byte offset at which the
 171 slice \fIn\fR starts, and \fIsize\fR is the required size for slice \fIn\fR.
 172 Both \fIoffset\fR and \fIsize\fR must be a multiple of 512 bytes. These numbers
 173 can be represented as decimal, hexadecimal, or octal numbers. No floating point
 174 numbers are accepted. Details about maximum number of slices can be obtained
 175 from the \fISystem Administration Guide: Basic Administration\fR.
 176 .sp
 177 To specify the \fIsize\fR or \fIoffset\fR in kilobytes, megabytes, or
 178 gigabytes, add \fBKB\fR, \fBMB\fR, \fBGB\fR, respectively. A number without a
 179 suffix is assumed to be a byte offset. The flags are represented as follows:
 180 .sp
 181 .in +2
 182 .nf
 183 \fBwm\fR = read-write, mountable
 184 \fBwu\fR = read-write, unmountable
 185 \fBru\fR = read-only, unmountable
 186 .fi
 187 .in -2
 188 .sp
 189 
 190 The tags are represented as follows: \fBunassigned\fR, \fBboot\fR, \fBroot\fR,
 191 \fBswap\fR, \fBusr\fR, \fBbackup\fR, \fBstand\fR, \fBvar\fR, \fBhome\fR,
 192 \fBalternates\fR.
 193 .sp
 194 The tags and flags can be omitted from the four tuple when finer control on
 195 those values is not required. It is required to omit both or include both. If
 196 the tags and flags are omitted from the four tuple for a particular slice, a
 197 default value for each is assumed. The default value for flags is \fBwm\fR and
 198 for tags is \fBunassigned\fR.
 199 .sp
 200 Either full tag names can be provided or an abbreviation for the tags can be
 201 used. The abbreviations can be the first two or more letters from the standard
 202 tag names. \fBrmformat\fR is case insensitive in handling the defined tags &
 203 flags.
 204 .sp
 205 Slice specifications are separated by :
 206 .sp
 207 For example:
 208 .sp
 209 .in +2
 210 .nf
 211 slices: 0 = 0, 30MB, "wm", "home" :
 212         1 = 30MB, 51MB :
 213         2 = 0, 100MB, "wm", "backup" :
 214         6 = 81MB, 19MB
 215 .fi
 216 .in -2
 217 .sp
 218 
 219 \fBrmformat\fR does the necessary checking to detect any overlapping partitions
 220 or illegal requests to addresses beyond the capacity of the media under
 221 consideration. There can be only one slice information entry for each slice
 222 \fIn\fR. If multiple slice information entries for the same slice \fIn\fR are
 223 provided, an appropriate error message is displayed. The slice \fB2\fR is the
 224 backup slice covering the whole disk capacity. The pound sign character,
 225 \fB#\fR, can be used to describe a line of comments in the input file. If the
 226 line starts with \fB#\fR, then \fBrmformat\fR ignores all the characters
 227 following \fB#\fR until the end of the line.
 228 .sp
 229 Partitioning some of the media with very small capacity is permitted, but be
 230 cautious in using this option on such devices.
 231 .RE
 232 
 233 .sp
 234 .ne 2
 235 .na
 236 \fB\fB-U\fR\fR
 237 .ad
 238 .sp .6
 239 .RS 4n
 240 Performs \fBumount\fR on any file systems and then formats. See
 241 \fBmount\fR(1M). This option unmounts all the mounted slices and issues a long
 242 format on the device requested.
 243 .RE
 244 
 245 .sp
 246 .ne 2
 247 .na
 248 \fB\fB-V\fR read | write\fR
 249 .ad
 250 .sp .6
 251 .RS 4n
 252 Verifies each block of media after format. The write verification is a
 253 destructive mechanism. The user is queried for confirmation before the
 254 verification is started. The output of this option is a list of block numbers,
 255 which are identified as bad.
 256 .sp
 257 The read verification only verifies the blocks and report the blocks which are
 258 prone to errors.
 259 .sp
 260 The list of block numbers displayed can be used with the \fB-c\fR option for
 261 repairing.
 262 .RE
 263 
 264 .SH OPERANDS
 265 .sp
 266 .LP
 267 The following operand is supported:
 268 .sp
 269 .ne 2
 270 .na
 271 \fB\fIdevname\fR\fR
 272 .ad
 273 .sp .6
 274 .RS 4n
 275 \fIdevname\fR can be provided as absolute device pathname or relative pathname
 276 for the device from the current working directory or the nickname, such as
 277 \fBcdrom\fR or \fBrmdisk\fR.
 278 .sp
 279 For floppy devices, to access the first drive use \fB/dev/rdiskette0\fR (for
 280 systems without volume management) or \fBfloppy0\fR (for systems with volume
 281 management). Specify \fB/dev/rdiskette1\fR (for systems without volume
 282 management) or \fBfloppy1\fR (for systems with volume management) to use the
 283 second drive.
 284 .sp
 285 For systems without volume management running, the user can also provide the
 286 absolute device pathname as \fB/dev/rdsk/c\fI?\fRt\fI?\fRd\fI?\fRs\fI?\fR\fR or
 287 the appropriate relative device pathname from the current working directory.
 288 .RE
 289 
 290 .SH EXAMPLES
 291 .LP
 292 \fBExample 1 \fRFormatting a Diskette
 293 .sp
 294 .in +2
 295 .nf
 296 example$ \fBrmformat -F quick /dev/rdiskette\fR
 297 Formatting will erase all the data on disk.
 298 Do you want to continue? (y/n)\fBy\fR
 299 .fi
 300 .in -2
 301 .sp
 302 
 303 .LP
 304 \fBExample 2 \fRFormatting a Diskette for a UFS File System
 305 .sp
 306 .LP
 307 The following example formats a diskette and creates a UFS file system:
 308 
 309 .sp
 310 .in +2
 311 .nf
 312 example$ \fBrmformat -F quick /dev/aliases/floppy0\fR
 313 Formatting will erase all the data on disk.
 314 Do you want to continue? (y/n)\fBy\fR
 315 example$ \fBsu\fR
 316 # \fB/usr/sbin/newfs /dev/aliases/floppy0\fR
 317 newfs: construct a new file system /dev/rdiskette: (y/n)? \fBy\fR
 318 /dev/rdiskette: 2880 sectors in 80 cylinders of 2 tracks, 18 sectors
 319          1.4MB in 5 cyl groups (16 c/g, 0.28MB/g, 128 i/g)
 320  super-block backups (for fsck -F ufs -o b=#) at:
 321   32, 640, 1184, 1792, 2336,
 322 #
 323 .fi
 324 .in -2
 325 .sp
 326 
 327 .LP
 328 \fBExample 3 \fRFormatting Removable Media for a PCFS File System
 329 .sp
 330 .LP
 331 The following example shows how to create an alternate \fBfdisk\fR partition:
 332 
 333 .sp
 334 .in +2
 335 .nf
 336 example$ \fBrmformat -F quick /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0s2:c\fR
 337 Formatting will erase all the data on disk.
 338 Do you want to continue? (y/n)\fBy\fR
 339 example$ \fBsu\fR
 340 # \fBfdisk /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0s2:c\fR
 341 # \fBmkfs -F pcfs /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0s2:c\fR
 342 Construct a new FAT file system on /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0s2:c: (y/n)? \fBy\fR
 343 #
 344 .fi
 345 .in -2
 346 .sp
 347 
 348 .sp
 349 .LP
 350 The following example describes how to create a \fBPCFS\fR file system
 351 \fBwithout\fR an \fBfdisk\fR partition:
 352 
 353 .sp
 354 .in +2
 355 .nf
 356 example$ \fBrmformat -F quick /dev/rdiskette\fR
 357 Formatting will erase all the data on disk.
 358 Do you want to continue? (y/n)\fBy\fR
 359 example$ \fBsu\fR
 360 # \fBmkfs -F pcfs -o nofdisk,size=2 /dev/rdiskette\fR
 361 Construct a new FAT file system on /dev/rdiskette: (y/n)? \fBy\fR
 362 #
 363 .fi
 364 .in -2
 365 .sp
 366 
 367 .LP
 368 \fBExample 4 \fRListing All Removable Devices
 369 .sp
 370 .LP
 371 The following example shows how to list removable devices. This output shows a
 372 long listing of such devices.
 373 
 374 .sp
 375 .in +2
 376 .nf
 377 example$ rmformat -l
 378 Looking for devices...
 379 Logical Node: /dev/rdsk/c5t0d0s2
 380 Physical Node: /pci@1e,600000/usb@b/hub@2/storage@4/disk@0,0
 381 Connected Device: TEAC    FD-05PUB         1026
 382 Device Type: Floppy drive
 383 Bus: USB
 384 Size: 1.4 MB
 385 Label: floppy
 386 Access permissions: Medium is not write protected.
 387 .fi
 388 .in -2
 389 .sp
 390 
 391 .SH FILES
 392 .sp
 393 .ne 2
 394 .na
 395 \fB\fB/dev/diskette0\fR\fR
 396 .ad
 397 .sp .6
 398 .RS 4n
 399 Directory providing block device access for the media in floppy drive 0.
 400 .RE
 401 
 402 .sp
 403 .ne 2
 404 .na
 405 \fB\fB/dev/rdiskette0\fR\fR
 406 .ad
 407 .sp .6
 408 .RS 4n
 409 Directory providing character device access for the media in floppy drive 0.
 410 .RE
 411 
 412 .sp
 413 .ne 2
 414 .na
 415 \fB\fB/dev/aliases\fR\fR
 416 .ad
 417 .sp .6
 418 .RS 4n
 419 Directory providing symbolic links to the character devices for the different
 420 media under the control of volume management using appropriate alias.
 421 .RE
 422 
 423 .sp
 424 .ne 2
 425 .na
 426 \fB\fB/dev/aliases/floppy0\fR\fR
 427 .ad
 428 .sp .6
 429 .RS 4n
 430 Symbolic link to the character device for the media in floppy drive 0.
 431 .RE
 432 
 433 .sp
 434 .ne 2
 435 .na
 436 \fB\fB/dev/rdiskette\fR\fR
 437 .ad
 438 .sp .6
 439 .RS 4n
 440 Symbolic link providing character device access for the media in the primary
 441 floppy drive, usually drive 0.
 442 .RE
 443 
 444 .sp
 445 .ne 2
 446 .na
 447 \fB\fB/dev/dsk\fR\fR
 448 .ad
 449 .sp .6
 450 .RS 4n
 451 Directory providing block device access for the \fBPCMCIA\fR memory and ata
 452 cards and removable media devices.
 453 .RE
 454 
 455 .sp
 456 .ne 2
 457 .na
 458 \fB\fB/dev/rdsk\fR\fR
 459 .ad
 460 .sp .6
 461 .RS 4n
 462 Directory providing character device access for the \fBPCMCIA\fR memory and ata
 463 cards and removable media devices.
 464 .RE
 465 
 466 .sp
 467 .ne 2
 468 .na
 469 \fB\fB/dev/aliases/pcmemS\fR\fR
 470 .ad
 471 .sp .6
 472 .RS 4n
 473 Symbolic link to the character device for the \fBPCMCIA\fR memory card in
 474 socket S, where S represents a \fBPCMCIA\fR socket number.
 475 .RE
 476 
 477 .sp
 478 .ne 2
 479 .na
 480 \fB\fB/dev/aliases/rmdisk0\fR\fR
 481 .ad
 482 .sp .6
 483 .RS 4n
 484 Symbolic link to the generic removable media device that is not a \fBCD-ROM\fR,
 485 floppy, \fBDVD-ROM\fR, \fBPCMCIA\fR memory card, and so forth.
 486 .RE
 487 
 488 .sp
 489 .ne 2
 490 .na
 491 \fB\fB/dev/rdsk\fR\fR
 492 .ad
 493 .sp .6
 494 .RS 4n
 495 Directory providing character device access for the \fBPCMCIA\fR memory and ata
 496 cards and other removable devices.
 497 .RE
 498 
 499 .sp
 500 .ne 2
 501 .na
 502 \fB\fB/dev/dsk\fR\fR
 503 .ad
 504 .sp .6
 505 .RS 4n
 506 Directory providing block device access for the \fBPCMCIA\fR memory and ata
 507 cards and other removable media devices.
 508 .RE
 509 
 510 .SH SEE ALSO
 511 .sp
 512 .LP
 513 \fBcpio\fR(1), \fBeject\fR(1), \fBfdformat\fR(1), \fBtar\fR(1),
 514 \fBvolcheck\fR(1), \fBvolrmmount\fR(1), \fBformat\fR(1M), \fBmkfs_pcfs\fR(1M),
 515 \fBmount\fR(1M), \fBnewfs\fR(1M), \fBprtvtoc\fR(1M), \fBrmmount\fR(1M),
 516 \fBrpc.smserverd\fR(1M), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBscsa2usb\fR(7D), \fBsd\fR(7D),
 517 \fBpcfs\fR(7FS), \fBudfs\fR(7FS)
 518 .sp
 519 .LP
 520 \fISystem Administration Guide: Basic Administration\fR
 521 .SH NOTES
 522 .sp
 523 .LP
 524 A rewritable media or \fBPCMCIA\fR memory card or \fBPCMCIA\fR ata card
 525 containing a \fBufs\fR file system created on a SPARC-based system (using
 526 \fBnewfs\fR(1M)) is not identical to a rewritable media or \fBPCMCIA\fR memory
 527 card containing a \fBufs\fR file system created on an x86 based system. Do not
 528 interchange any removable media containing \fBufs\fR between these platforms;
 529 use \fBcpio\fR(1) or \fBtar\fR(1) to transfer files on diskettes or memory
 530 cards between them. For interchangeable filesystems refer to \fBpcfs\fR(7FS)
 531 and \fBudfs\fR(7FS).
 532 .sp
 533 .LP
 534 \fBrmformat\fR might not list all removable devices in virtualization
 535 environments.
 536 .SH BUGS
 537 .sp
 538 .LP
 539 Currently, bad sector mapping is not supported on floppy diskettes or
 540 \fBPCMCIA\fR memory cards. Therefore, a diskette or memory card is unusable if
 541 \fBrmformat\fR finds an error (\fBbad sector\fR).