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36 .TH FIND 1 "Sep 5, 2011"
37 .SH NAME
38 find \- find files
39 .SH SYNOPSIS
40 .LP
41 .nf
42 \fB/usr/bin/find\fR [\fB-E\fR] [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR] \fIpath\fR... \fIexpression\fR
43 .fi
44
45 .LP
46 .nf
47 \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/find\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR] \fIpath\fR... \fIexpression\fR
48 .fi
49
50 .SH DESCRIPTION
51 .sp
52 .LP
53 The \fBfind\fR utility recursively descends the directory hierarchy for each
54 \fIpath\fR seeking files that match a Boolean \fIexpression\fR written in the
55 primaries specified below.
56 .sp
57 .LP
58 \fBfind\fR is able to descend to arbitrary depths in a file hierarchy and does
59 not fail due to path length limitations (unless a \fIpath\fR operand specified
60 by the application exceeds \fIPATH_MAX\fR requirements).
61 .sp
62 .LP
63 \fBfind\fR detects infinite loops; that is, entering a previously visited
64 directory that is an ancestor of the last file encountered.
65 .SH OPTIONS
66 .sp
67 .LP
68 The following options are supported:
69 .sp
70 .ne 2
71 .na
72 \fB\fB-E\fR\fR
73 .ad
74 .RS 6n
75 Interpret regular expressions followed by \fB-regex\fR and \fB-iregex\fR
76 primaries as extended regular expressions.
77 .RE
78
79 .sp
80 .ne 2
81 .na
82 \fB\fB-H\fR\fR
83 .ad
84 .RS 6n
85 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link
86 encountered on the command line to be those of the file referenced by the link,
87 and not the link itself. If the referenced file does not exist, the file
88 information and type is for the link itself. File information for all symbolic
89 links not on the command line is that of the link itself.
90 .RE
91
92 .sp
93 .ne 2
94 .na
95 \fB\fB-L\fR\fR
96 .ad
97 .RS 6n
98 Causes the file information and file type evaluated for each symbolic link to
99 be those of the file referenced by the link, and not the link itself. See
100 \fBNOTES\fR.
101 .RE
102
103 .sp
104 .LP
105 Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options \fB-H\fR and
106 \fB-L\fR is not considered an error. The last option specified determines the
107 behavior of the utility.
108 .SH OPERANDS
109 .sp
110 .LP
111 The following operands are supported:
112 .sp
113 .ne 2
114 .na
115 \fB\fIpath\fR\fR
116 .ad
117 .RS 14n
118 A pathname of a starting point in the directory hierarchy.
119 .RE
120
121 .sp
122 .ne 2
123 .na
124 \fB\fIexpression\fR\fR
125 .ad
126 .RS 14n
127 The first argument that starts with a \fB\(mi\fR, or is a \fB!\fR or a \fB(\fR,
128 and all subsequent arguments are interpreted as an \fIexpression\fR made up of
129 the following primaries and operators. In the descriptions, wherever \fIn\fR is
130 used as a primary argument, it is interpreted as a decimal integer optionally
131 preceded by a plus (\fB+\fR) or minus (\fB\(mi\fR) sign, as follows:
132 .sp
133 .ne 2
134 .na
135 \fB+\fIn\fR\fR
136 .ad
137 .RS 6n
138 more than \fIn\fR
139 .RE
140
141 .sp
142 .ne 2
143 .na
144 \fB\fIn\fR\fR
145 .ad
146 .RS 6n
147 exactly \fIn\fR
148 .RE
149
150 .sp
151 .ne 2
152 .na
153 \fB-\fIn\fR\fR
154 .ad
155 .RS 6n
156 less than \fIn\fR
157 .RE
158
159 .RE
160
161 .SS "Expressions"
162 .sp
163 .LP
164 Valid expressions are:
165 .sp
166 .ne 2
167 .na
168 \fB\fB-acl\fR\fR
169 .ad
170 .RS 17n
171 True if the file have additional ACLs defined.
172 .RE
173
174 .sp
175 .ne 2
176 .na
177 \fB\fB-amin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
178 .ad
179 .RS 17n
180 File was last accessed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
181 .RE
182
183 .sp
184 .ne 2
185 .na
186 \fB\fB-atime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
187 .ad
188 .RS 17n
189 True if the file was accessed \fIn\fR days ago. The access time of directories
190 in \fIpath\fR is changed by \fBfind\fR itself.
191 .RE
192
193 .sp
194 .ne 2
195 .na
196 \fB\fB-cmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
197 .ad
198 .RS 17n
199 File's status was last changed \fIn\fR minutes ago.
200 .RE
201
202 .sp
203 .ne 2
204 .na
205 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
206 .ad
207 .RS 17n
208 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
209 (5120-byte records).
210 .RE
211
212 .sp
213 .ne 2
214 .na
215 \fB\fB-ctime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
216 .ad
217 .RS 17n
218 True if the file's status was changed \fIn\fR days ago.
219 .RE
220
221 .sp
222 .ne 2
223 .na
224 \fB\fB-depth\fR\fR
225 .ad
226 .RS 17n
227 Always true. Causes descent of the directory hierarchy to be done so that all
228 entries in a directory are acted on before the directory itself. This can be
229 useful when \fBfind\fR is used with \fBcpio\fR(1) to transfer files that are
230 contained in directories without write permission.
231 .RE
232
233 .sp
234 .ne 2
235 .na
236 \fB\fB-exec\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
237 .ad
238 .RS 17n
239 True if the executed command returns a zero value as exit status. The end of
240 command must be punctuated by an escaped semicolon (\fB;\fR). A command
241 argument \fB{}\fR is replaced by the current pathname. If the last argument to
242 \fB-exec\fR is \fB{}\fR and you specify \fB+\fR rather than the semicolon
243 (\fB;\fR), the command is invoked fewer times, with \fB{}\fR replaced by groups
244 of pathnames. If any invocation of the command returns a non-zero value as exit
245 status, find returns a non-zero exit status.
246 .RE
247
248 .sp
249 .ne 2
250 .na
251 \fB\fB-follow\fR\fR
252 .ad
253 .RS 17n
254 Always true and always evaluated no matter where it appears in
255 \fIexpression\fR. The behavior is unspecified if \fB-follow\fR is used when the
256 \fBfind\fR command is invoked with either the \fB-H\fR or the \fB-L\fR option.
257 Causes symbolic links to be followed. When following symbolic links, \fBfind\fR
258 keeps track of the directories visited so that it can detect infinite loops.
259 For example, such a loop would occur if a symbolic link pointed to an ancestor.
260 This expression should not be used with the find-type \fBl\fR expression. See
261 \fBNOTES\fR.
262 .RE
263
264 .sp
265 .ne 2
266 .na
267 \fB\fB-fstype\fR \fItype\fR\fR
268 .ad
269 .RS 17n
270 True if the filesystem to which the file belongs is of type \fItype\fR.
271 .RE
272
273 .sp
274 .ne 2
275 .na
276 \fB\fB-group\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
277 .ad
278 .RS 17n
279 True if the file belongs to the group \fIgname\fR. If \fIgname\fR is numeric
280 and there's no such group name, it is taken as a group \fBID\fR.
281 .RE
282
283 .sp
284 .ne 2
285 .na
286 \fB\fB-groupacl\fR \fIgname\fR\fR
287 .ad
288 .RS 17n
289 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the group \fIgname\fR.
290 If \fIgname\fR is numeric and there's no such group name, it is taken
291 as a group \fBID\fR.
292 .RE
293
294 .sp
295 .ne 2
296 .na
297 \fB\fB-iname\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
298 .ad
299 .RS 17n
300 Like \fB-name\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
301 .RE
302
303 .sp
304 .ne 2
305 .na
306 \fB\fB-inum\fR \fIn\fR\fR
307 .ad
308 .RS 17n
309 True if the file has inode number \fIn\fR.
310 .RE
311
312 .sp
313 .ne 2
314 .na
315 \fB\fB-iregex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
316 .ad
317 .RS 17n
318 Like \fB-regex\fR, but the match is case insensitive.
319 .RE
320
321 .sp
322 .ne 2
323 .na
324 \fB\fB-links\fR \fIn\fR\fR
325 .ad
326 .RS 17n
327 True if the file has \fIn\fR links.
328 .RE
329
330 .sp
331 .ne 2
332 .na
333 \fB\fB-local\fR\fR
334 .ad
335 .RS 17n
336 True if the file system type is not a remote file system type as defined in the
337 \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file. \fBnfs\fR is used as the default remote filesystem
338 type if the \fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR file is not present. The \fB-local\fR option
339 descends the hierarchy of non-local directories. See \fBEXAMPLES\fR for an
340 example of how to search for local files without descending.
341 .RE
342
343 .sp
344 .ne 2
345 .na
346 \fB\fB-ls\fR\fR
347 .ad
348 .RS 17n
349 Always true. Prints current pathname together with its associated statistics.
350 These include (respectively):
351 .RS +4
352 .TP
353 .ie t \(bu
354 .el o
355 inode number
356 .RE
357 .RS +4
358 .TP
359 .ie t \(bu
360 .el o
361 size in kilobytes (1024 bytes)
362 .RE
363 .RS +4
364 .TP
365 .ie t \(bu
366 .el o
367 protection mode
368 .RE
369 .RS +4
370 .TP
371 .ie t \(bu
372 .el o
373 number of hard links
374 .RE
375 .RS +4
376 .TP
377 .ie t \(bu
378 .el o
379 user
380 .RE
381 .RS +4
382 .TP
383 .ie t \(bu
384 .el o
385 group
386 .RE
387 .RS +4
388 .TP
389 .ie t \(bu
390 .el o
391 size in bytes
392 .RE
393 .RS +4
394 .TP
395 .ie t \(bu
396 .el o
397 modification time.
398 .RE
399 If the file is a special file, the size field instead contains the major and
400 minor device numbers.
401 .sp
402 If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file is printed
403 preceded by `\fB\(->\fR\&'. The format is identical to that of \fBls\fR
404 \fB-gilds\fR (see \fBls\fR(1B)).
405 .sp
406 Formatting is done internally, without executing the \fBls\fR program.
407 .RE
408
409 .sp
410 .ne 2
411 .na
412 \fB\fB-maxdepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
413 .ad
414 .RS 17n
415 Always true; descend at most \fIn\fR directory levels below the command
416 line arguments. If any \fB-maxdepth\fR primary is specified, it
417 applies to the entire expression even if it would not normally be
418 evaluated. \fB-maxdepth 0\fR limits the whole search to
419 the command line arguments.
420 .RE
421
422 .sp
423 .ne 2
424 .na
425 \fB\fB-mindepth\fR \fIn\fR\fR
426 .ad
427 .RS 17n
428 Always true; do not apply any tests or actions at levels less
429 than \fIn\fR. If any \fB-mindepth\fR primary is specified, it applies to the
430 entire expression even if it would not normally be evaluated.
431 \fB-mindepth 1\fR processes all but the command line arguments.
432 .RE
433
434 .sp
435 .ne 2
436 .na
437 \fB\fB-mmin\fR \fIn\fR\fR
438 .ad
439 .RS 17n
440 File's data was last modified \fIn\fR minutes ago.
441 .RE
442
443 .sp
444 .ne 2
445 .na
446 \fB\fB-mount\fR\fR
447 .ad
448 .RS 17n
449 Always true. Restricts the search to the file system containing the directory
450 specified. Does not list mount points to other file systems.
451 .RE
452
453 .sp
454 .ne 2
455 .na
456 \fB\fB-mtime\fR \fIn\fR\fR
457 .ad
458 .RS 17n
459 True if the file's data was modified \fIn\fR days ago.
460 .RE
461
462 .sp
463 .ne 2
464 .na
465 \fB\fB-name\fR \fIpattern\fR\fR
466 .ad
467 .RS 17n
468 True if \fIpattern\fR matches the basename of the current file name. Normal
469 shell file name generation characters (see \fBsh\fR(1)) can be used. A
470 backslash (\fB\|\e\|\fR) is used as an escape character within the pattern. The
471 pattern should be escaped or quoted when \fBfind\fR is invoked from the shell.
472 .sp
473 Unless the character '\fB\&.\fR' is explicitly specified in the beginning of
474 \fIpattern\fR, a current file name beginning with '\fB\&.\fR' does not match
475 \fIpattern\fR when using \fB/usr/bin/find\fR. \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/find\fR does not
476 make this distinction; wildcard file name generation characters can match file
477 names beginning with '\fB\&.\fR'.
478 .RE
479
480 .sp
481 .ne 2
482 .na
483 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
484 .ad
485 .RS 17n
486 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
487 format (5120 byte records).
488 .RE
489
490 .sp
491 .ne 2
492 .na
493 \fB\fB-newer\fR \fIfile\fR\fR
494 .ad
495 .RS 17n
496 True if the current file has been modified more recently than the argument
497 \fIfile\fR.
498 .RE
499
500 .sp
501 .ne 2
502 .na
503 \fB\fB-nogroup\fR\fR
504 .ad
505 .RS 17n
506 True if the file belongs to non-existing group.
507 .RE
508
509 .sp
510 .ne 2
511 .na
512 \fB\fB-nouser\fR\fR
513 .ad
514 .RS 17n
515 True if the file belongs to non-existing user.
516 .RE
517
518 .sp
519 .ne 2
520 .na
521 \fB\fB-ok\fR \fIcommand\fR\fR
522 .ad
523 .RS 17n
524 Like \fB-exec\fR, except that the generated command line is printed with a
525 question mark first, and is executed only if the response is affirmative.
526 .RE
527
528 .sp
529 .ne 2
530 .na
531 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fImode\fR\fR
532 .ad
533 .RS 17n
534 The \fImode\fR argument is used to represent file mode bits. It is identical in
535 format to the symbolic mode operand, \fIsymbolic_mode_list\fR, described in
536 \fBchmod\fR(1), and is interpreted as follows. To start, a template is assumed
537 with all file mode bits cleared. An \fIop\fR symbol of:
538 .sp
539 .ne 2
540 .na
541 \fB\fB+\fR\fR
542 .ad
543 .RS 8n
544 Set the appropriate mode bits in the template
545 .RE
546
547 .sp
548 .ne 2
549 .na
550 \fB\fB\(mi\fR\fR
551 .ad
552 .RS 8n
553 Clear the appropriate bits
554 .RE
555
556 .sp
557 .ne 2
558 .na
559 \fB\fB=\fR\fR
560 .ad
561 .RS 8n
562 Set the appropriate mode bits, without regard to the contents of the file mode
563 creation mask of the process
564 .RE
565
566 The \fIop\fR symbol of \fB\(mi\fR cannot be the first character of \fImode\fR,
567 to avoid ambiguity with the optional leading hyphen. Since the initial mode is
568 all bits off, there are no symbolic modes that need to use \fB\(mi\fR as the
569 first character.
570 .sp
571 If the hyphen is omitted, the primary evaluates as true when the file
572 permission bits exactly match the value of the resulting template.
573 .sp
574 Otherwise, if \fImode\fR is prefixed by a hyphen, the primary evaluates as true
575 if at least all the bits in the resulting template are set in the file
576 permission bits.
577 .RE
578
579 .sp
580 .ne 2
581 .na
582 \fB\fB-perm\fR [\fB-\fR]\fIonum\fR\fR
583 .ad
584 .RS 17n
585 True if the file permission flags exactly match the octal number \fIonum\fR
586 (see \fBchmod\fR(1)). If \fIonum\fR is prefixed by a minus sign (\fB\(mi\fR),
587 only the bits that are set in \fIonum\fR are compared with the file permission
588 flags, and the expression evaluates true if they match.
589 .RE
590
591 .sp
592 .ne 2
593 .na
594 \fB\fB-print\fR\fR
595 .ad
596 .RS 17n
597 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed.
598 .RE
599
600 .sp
601 .ne 2
602 .na
603 \fB\fB-print0\fR\fR
604 .ad
605 .RS 17n
606 Always true. Causes the current pathname to be printed, terminated by an ASCII
607 NUL character (character code 0) instead of a newline.
608 .RE
609
610 .sp
611 .ne 2
612 .na
613 \fB\fB-prune\fR\fR
614 .ad
615 .RS 17n
616 Always yields true. Does not examine any directories or files in the directory
617 structure below the \fIpattern\fR just matched. (See EXAMPLES). If \fB-depth\fR
618 is specified, \fB-prune\fR has no effect.
619 .RE
620
621 .sp
622 .ne 2
623 .na
624 \fB\fB-regex\fR \fIpattern\fR\fB
625 .ad
626 .RS 17n
627 True if the full path of the file matches \fIpattern\fR using regular
628 expressions.
629 .RE
630
631 .sp
632 .ne 2
633 .na
634 \fB\fB-size\fR \fIn\fR[\fBc\fR]\fR
635 .ad
636 .RS 17n
637 True if the file is \fIn\fR blocks long (512 bytes per block). If \fIn\fR is
638 followed by a \fBc\fR, the size is in bytes.
639 .RE
640
641 .sp
642 .ne 2
643 .na
644 \fB\fB-type\fR \fIc\fR\fR
645 .ad
646 .RS 17n
647 True if the type of the file is \fIc\fR, where \fIc\fR is \fBb\fR, \fBc\fR,
648 \fBd\fR, \fBD\fR, \fBf\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBp\fR, or \fBs\fR for block special file,
649 character special file, directory, door, plain file, symbolic link, fifo (named
650 pipe), or socket, respectively.
651 .RE
652
653 .sp
654 .ne 2
655 .na
656 \fB\fB-user\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
657 .ad
658 .RS 17n
659 True if the file belongs to the user \fIuname\fR. If \fIuname\fR is numeric and
660 there's no such user name, it is taken as a user \fBID\fR.
661 .RE
662
663 .sp
664 .ne 2
665 .na
666 \fB\fB-useracl\fR \fIuname\fR\fR
667 .ad
668 .RS 17n
669 True if the file's ACL contains an entry for the user \fIuname\fR.
670 If \fIuname\fR is numeric and there's no such user name, it is
671 taken as a user \fBID\fR.
672 .RE
673
674 .sp
675 .ne 2
676 .na
677 \fB\fB-xdev\fR\fR
678 .ad
679 .RS 17n
680 Same as the \fB-mount\fR primary.
681 .RE
682
683 .sp
684 .ne 2
685 .na
686 \fB\fB-xattr\fR\fR
687 .ad
688 .RS 17n
689 True if the file has extended attributes.
690 .RE
691
692 .SS "Complex Expressions"
693 .sp
694 .LP
695 The primaries can be combined using the following operators (in order of
696 decreasing precedence):
697 .sp
698 .ne 2
699 .na
700 \fB1)\fB(\fR\fIexpression\fR\fB)\fR\fR
701 .ad
702 .sp .6
703 .RS 4n
704 True if the parenthesized expression is true (parentheses are special to the
705 shell and must be escaped).
706 .RE
707
708 .sp
709 .ne 2
710 .na
711 \fB2)\fB!\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
712 .ad
713 .sp .6
714 .RS 4n
715 The negation of a primary (\fB!\fR is the unary \fInot\fR operator).
716 .RE
717
718 .sp
719 .ne 2
720 .na
721 \fB3) \fIexpression\fR\fB[\fR\fB-a\fR\fB]\fR \fIexpression\fR\fR
722 .ad
723 .sp .6
724 .RS 4n
725 Concatenation of primaries (the \fIand\fR operation is implied by the
726 juxtaposition of two primaries).
727 .RE
728
729 .sp
730 .ne 2
731 .na
732 \fB4) \fIexpression\fR\fB\fR\fB-o\fR\fIexpression\fR\fR
733 .ad
734 .sp .6
735 .RS 4n
736 Alternation of primaries (\fB-o\fR is the \fIor\fR operator).
737 .RE
738
739 .sp
740 .LP
741 When you use \fBfind\fR in conjunction with \fBcpio\fR, if you use the \fB-L\fR
742 option with \fBcpio\fR, you must use the \fB-L\fR option or the \fB-follow\fR
743 primitive with \fBfind\fR and vice versa. Otherwise the results are
744 unspecified.
745 .sp
746 .LP
747 If no \fIexpression\fR is present, \fB-print\fR is used as the expression.
748 Otherwise, if the specified expression does not contain any of the primaries
749 \fB-exec\fR, \fB-ok\fR, \fB-ls\fR, or \fB-print\fR, the specified expression is
750 effectively replaced by:
751 .sp
752 .LP
753 (\fIspecified\fR) \fB-print\fR
754 .sp
755 .LP
756 The \fB-user\fR, \fB-group\fR, and \fB-newer\fR primaries each evaluate their
757 respective arguments only once. Invocation of \fIcommand\fR specified by
758 \fB-exec\fR or \fB-ok\fR does not affect subsequent primaries on the same file.
759 .SH USAGE
760 .sp
761 .LP
762 See \fBlargefile\fR(5) for the description of the behavior of \fBfind\fR when
763 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte (2^31 bytes).
764 .SH EXAMPLES
765 .LP
766 \fBExample 1 \fRWriting Out the Hierarchy Directory
767 .sp
768 .LP
769 The following commands are equivalent:
770
771 .sp
772 .in +2
773 .nf
774 example% \fBfind .\fR
775 example% \fBfind . -print\fR
776 .fi
777 .in -2
778 .sp
779
780 .sp
781 .LP
782 They both write out the entire directory hierarchy from the current directory.
783
784 .LP
785 \fBExample 2 \fRRemoving Files
786 .sp
787 .LP
788 The following comand removes all files in your home directory named \fBa.out\fR
789 or \fB*.o\fR that have not been accessed for a week:
790
791 .sp
792 .in +2
793 .nf
794 example% \fBfind $HOME \e( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \e) \e
795 -atime +7 -exec rm {} \e;\fR
796 .fi
797 .in -2
798 .sp
799
800 .LP
801 \fBExample 3 \fRPrinting All File Names But Skipping SCCS Directories
802 .sp
803 .LP
804 The following command recursively print all file names in the current directory
805 and below, but skipping \fBSCCS\fR directories:
806
807 .sp
808 .in +2
809 .nf
810 example% \fBfind . -name SCCS -prune -o -print\fR
811 .fi
812 .in -2
813 .sp
814
815 .LP
816 \fBExample 4 \fRPrinting all file names and the SCCS directory name
817 .sp
818 .LP
819 Recursively print all file names in the current directory and below, skipping
820 the contents of \fBSCCS\fR directories, but printing out the \fBSCCS\fR
821 directory name:
822
823 .sp
824 .in +2
825 .nf
826 example% \fBfind . -print -name SCCS -prune\fR
827 .fi
828 .in -2
829 .sp
830
831 .LP
832 \fBExample 5 \fRTesting for the Newer File
833 .sp
834 .LP
835 The following command is basically equivalent to the \fB-nt\fR extension to
836 \fBtest\fR(1):
837
838 .sp
839 .in +2
840 .nf
841 example$ \fBif [ -n "$(find
842 file1 -prune -newer file2)" ]; then
843
844 printf %s\e\en "file1 is newer than file2"\fR
845 .fi
846 .in -2
847 .sp
848
849 .LP
850 \fBExample 6 \fRSelecting a File Using 24-hour Mode
851 .sp
852 .LP
853 The descriptions of \fB-atime\fR, \fB-ctime\fR, and \fB-mtime\fR use the
854 terminology \fIn\fR ``24-hour periods''. For example, a file accessed at 23:59
855 is selected by:
856
857 .sp
858 .in +2
859 .nf
860 example% \fBfind . -atime -1 -print\fR
861 .fi
862 .in -2
863 .sp
864
865 .sp
866 .LP
867 at 00:01 the next day (less than 24 hours later, not more than one day ago).
868 The midnight boundary between days has no effect on the 24-hour calculation.
869
870 .LP
871 \fBExample 7 \fRPrinting Files Matching a User's Permission Mode
872 .sp
873 .LP
874 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission mode
875 exactly matches read, write, and execute access for user, and read and execute
876 access for group and other:
877
878 .sp
879 .in +2
880 .nf
881 example% \fBfind . -perm u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx\fR
882 .fi
883 .in -2
884 .sp
885
886 .sp
887 .LP
888 The above could alternatively be specified as follows:
889
890 .sp
891 .in +2
892 .nf
893 example% \fBfind . -perm a=rwx,g-w,o-w\fR
894 .fi
895 .in -2
896 .sp
897
898 .LP
899 \fBExample 8 \fRPrinting Files with Write Access for \fBother\fR
900 .sp
901 .LP
902 The following command recursively print all file names whose permission
903 includes, but is not limited to, write access for other:
904
905 .sp
906 .in +2
907 .nf
908 example% \fBfind . -perm -o+w\fR
909 .fi
910 .in -2
911 .sp
912
913 .LP
914 \fBExample 9 \fRPrinting Local Files without Descending Non-local Directories
915 .sp
916 .in +2
917 .nf
918 example% \fBfind . ! -local -prune -o -print\fR
919 .fi
920 .in -2
921 .sp
922
923 .LP
924 \fBExample 10 \fRPrinting the Files in the Name Space Possessing Extended
925 Attributes
926 .sp
927 .in +2
928 .nf
929 example% \fBfind . -xattr\fR
930 .fi
931 .in -2
932 .sp
933
934 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
935 .sp
936 .LP
937 See \fBenviron\fR(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
938 that affect the execution of \fBfind\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR,
939 \fBLC_COLLATE\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR.
940 .sp
941 .ne 2
942 .na
943 \fB\fBPATH\fR\fR
944 .ad
945 .RS 8n
946 Determine the location of the \fIutility_name\fR for the \fB-exec\fR and
947 \fB-ok\fR primaries.
948 .RE
949
950 .sp
951 .LP
952 Affirmative responses are processed using the extended regular expression
953 defined for the \fByesexpr\fR keyword in the \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR category of the
954 user's locale. The locale specified in the \fBLC_COLLATE\fR category defines
955 the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes, and multi-character collating
956 elements used in the expression defined for \fByesexpr\fR. The locale specified
957 in \fBLC_CTYPE\fR determines the locale for interpretation of sequences of
958 bytes of text data a characters, the behavior of character classes used in the
959 expression defined for the \fByesexpr\fR. See \fBlocale\fR(5).
960 .SH EXIT STATUS
961 .sp
962 .LP
963 The following exit values are returned:
964 .sp
965 .ne 2
966 .na
967 \fB\fB0\fR\fR
968 .ad
969 .RS 6n
970 All \fIpath\fR operands were traversed successfully.
971 .RE
972
973 .sp
974 .ne 2
975 .na
976 \fB\fB>0\fR\fR
977 .ad
978 .RS 6n
979 An error occurred.
980 .RE
981
982 .SH FILES
983 .sp
984 .ne 2
985 .na
986 \fB\fB/etc/passwd\fR\fR
987 .ad
988 .RS 20n
989 Password file
990 .RE
991
992 .sp
993 .ne 2
994 .na
995 \fB\fB/etc/group\fR\fR
996 .ad
997 .RS 20n
998 Group file
999 .RE
1000
1001 .sp
1002 .ne 2
1003 .na
1004 \fB\fB/etc/dfs/fstypes\fR\fR
1005 .ad
1006 .RS 20n
1007 File that registers distributed file system packages
1008 .RE
1009
1010 .SH ATTRIBUTES
1011 .sp
1012 .LP
1013 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
1014 .sp
1015
1016 .sp
1017 .TS
1018 box;
1019 c | c
1020 l | l .
1021 ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
1022 _
1023 CSI Enabled
1024 _
1025 Interface Stability Committed
1026 _
1027 Standard See \fBstandards\fR(5).
1028 .TE
1029
1030 .SH SEE ALSO
1031 .sp
1032 .LP
1033 \fBchmod\fR(1), \fBcpio\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1), \fBtest\fR(1), \fBls\fR(1B),
1034 \fBacl\fR(5), \fBregex\fR(5), \fBstat\fR(2), \fBumask\fR(2),
1035 \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBenviron\fR(5), \fBfsattr\fR(5), \fBlargefile\fR(5),
1036 \fBlocale\fR(5), \fBstandards\fR(5)
1037 .SH WARNINGS
1038 .sp
1039 .LP
1040 The following options are obsolete and will not be supported in future
1041 releases:
1042 .sp
1043 .ne 2
1044 .na
1045 \fB\fB-cpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1046 .ad
1047 .RS 17n
1048 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR format
1049 (5120-byte records).
1050 .RE
1051
1052 .sp
1053 .ne 2
1054 .na
1055 \fB\fB-ncpio\fR \fIdevice\fR\fR
1056 .ad
1057 .RS 17n
1058 Always true. Writes the current file on \fIdevice\fR in \fBcpio\fR \fB-c\fR
1059 format (5120-byte records).
1060 .RE
1061
1062 .SH NOTES
1063 .sp
1064 .LP
1065 When using \fBfind\fR to determine files modified within a range of time, use
1066 the \fB-mtime\fR argument \fBbefore\fR the \fB-print\fR argument. Otherwise,
1067 \fBfind\fR gives all files.
1068 .sp
1069 .LP
1070 Some files that might be under the Solaris root file system are actually mount
1071 points for virtual file systems, such as \fBmntfs\fR or \fBnamefs\fR. When
1072 comparing against a \fBufs\fR file system, such files are not selected if
1073 \fB-mount\fR or \fB-xdev\fR is specified in the \fBfind\fR expression.
1074 .sp
1075 .LP
1076 Using the \fB-L\fR or \fB-follow\fR option is not recommended when descending a
1077 file-system hierarchy that is under the control of other users. In particular,
1078 when using \fB-exec\fR, symbolic links can lead the \fBfind\fR command out of
1079 the hierarchy in which it started. Using \fB-type\fR is not sufficient to
1080 restrict the type of files on which the \fB-exec\fR command operates, because
1081 there is an inherent race condition between the type-check performed by the
1082 \fBfind\fR command and the time the executed command operates on the file
1083 argument.