1 /* crypto/engine/eng_dyn.c */
2 /* Written by Geoff Thorpe (geoff@geoffthorpe.net) for the OpenSSL
3 * project 2001.
4 */
5 /* ====================================================================
6 * Copyright (c) 1999-2001 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved.
7 *
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
11 *
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 *
15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
17 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
18 * distribution.
19 *
20 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
21 * software must display the following acknowledgment:
22 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
23 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
24 *
25 * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
26 * endorse or promote products derived from this software without
27 * prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
28 * licensing@OpenSSL.org.
29 *
30 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
31 * nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
32 * permission of the OpenSSL Project.
33 *
34 * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
35 * acknowledgment:
36 * "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
37 * for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.OpenSSL.org/)"
38 *
39 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
40 * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
41 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
42 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
43 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
44 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
45 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
46 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
47 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
48 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
49 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
50 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
51 * ====================================================================
52 *
53 * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
54 * (eay@cryptsoft.com). This product includes software written by Tim
55 * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
56 *
57 */
58
59
60 #include "eng_int.h"
61 #include <openssl/dso.h>
62
63 /* Shared libraries implementing ENGINEs for use by the "dynamic" ENGINE loader
64 * should implement the hook-up functions with the following prototypes. */
65
66 /* Our ENGINE handlers */
67 static int dynamic_init(ENGINE *e);
68 static int dynamic_finish(ENGINE *e);
69 static int dynamic_ctrl(ENGINE *e, int cmd, long i, void *p, void (*f)(void));
70 /* Predeclare our context type */
71 typedef struct st_dynamic_data_ctx dynamic_data_ctx;
72 /* The implementation for the important control command */
73 static int dynamic_load(ENGINE *e, dynamic_data_ctx *ctx);
74
75 #define DYNAMIC_CMD_SO_PATH ENGINE_CMD_BASE
76 #define DYNAMIC_CMD_NO_VCHECK (ENGINE_CMD_BASE + 1)
77 #define DYNAMIC_CMD_ID (ENGINE_CMD_BASE + 2)
78 #define DYNAMIC_CMD_LIST_ADD (ENGINE_CMD_BASE + 3)
79 #define DYNAMIC_CMD_DIR_LOAD (ENGINE_CMD_BASE + 4)
80 #define DYNAMIC_CMD_DIR_ADD (ENGINE_CMD_BASE + 5)
81 #define DYNAMIC_CMD_LOAD (ENGINE_CMD_BASE + 6)
82
83 /* The constants used when creating the ENGINE */
84 static const char *engine_dynamic_id = "dynamic";
85 static const char *engine_dynamic_name = "Dynamic engine loading support";
86 static const ENGINE_CMD_DEFN dynamic_cmd_defns[] = {
87 {DYNAMIC_CMD_SO_PATH,
88 "SO_PATH",
89 "Specifies the path to the new ENGINE shared library",
90 ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_STRING},
91 {DYNAMIC_CMD_NO_VCHECK,
92 "NO_VCHECK",
93 "Specifies to continue even if version checking fails (boolean)",
94 ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NUMERIC},
95 {DYNAMIC_CMD_ID,
96 "ID",
97 "Specifies an ENGINE id name for loading",
98 ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_STRING},
99 {DYNAMIC_CMD_LIST_ADD,
100 "LIST_ADD",
101 "Whether to add a loaded ENGINE to the internal list (0=no,1=yes,2=mandatory)",
102 ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NUMERIC},
103 {DYNAMIC_CMD_DIR_LOAD,
104 "DIR_LOAD",
105 "Specifies whether to load from 'DIR_ADD' directories (0=no,1=yes,2=mandatory)",
106 ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NUMERIC},
107 {DYNAMIC_CMD_DIR_ADD,
108 "DIR_ADD",
109 "Adds a directory from which ENGINEs can be loaded",
110 ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_STRING},
111 {DYNAMIC_CMD_LOAD,
112 "LOAD",
113 "Load up the ENGINE specified by other settings",
114 ENGINE_CMD_FLAG_NO_INPUT},
115 {0, NULL, NULL, 0}
116 };
117 static const ENGINE_CMD_DEFN dynamic_cmd_defns_empty[] = {
118 {0, NULL, NULL, 0}
119 };
120
121 /* Loading code stores state inside the ENGINE structure via the "ex_data"
122 * element. We load all our state into a single structure and use that as a
123 * single context in the "ex_data" stack. */
124 struct st_dynamic_data_ctx
125 {
126 /* The DSO object we load that supplies the ENGINE code */
127 DSO *dynamic_dso;
128 /* The function pointer to the version checking shared library function */
129 dynamic_v_check_fn v_check;
130 /* The function pointer to the engine-binding shared library function */
131 dynamic_bind_engine bind_engine;
132 /* The default name/path for loading the shared library */
133 const char *DYNAMIC_LIBNAME;
134 /* Whether to continue loading on a version check failure */
135 int no_vcheck;
136 /* If non-NULL, stipulates the 'id' of the ENGINE to be loaded */
137 const char *engine_id;
138 /* If non-zero, a successfully loaded ENGINE should be added to the internal
139 * ENGINE list. If 2, the add must succeed or the entire load should fail. */
140 int list_add_value;
141 /* The symbol name for the version checking function */
142 const char *DYNAMIC_F1;
143 /* The symbol name for the "initialise ENGINE structure" function */
144 const char *DYNAMIC_F2;
145 /* Whether to never use 'dirs', use 'dirs' as a fallback, or only use
146 * 'dirs' for loading. Default is to use 'dirs' as a fallback. */
147 int dir_load;
148 /* A stack of directories from which ENGINEs could be loaded */
149 STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *dirs;
150 };
151
152 /* This is the "ex_data" index we obtain and reserve for use with our context
153 * structure. */
154 static int dynamic_ex_data_idx = -1;
155
156 static void int_free_str(char *s) { OPENSSL_free(s); }
157 /* Because our ex_data element may or may not get allocated depending on whether
158 * a "first-use" occurs before the ENGINE is freed, we have a memory leak
159 * problem to solve. We can't declare a "new" handler for the ex_data as we
160 * don't want a dynamic_data_ctx in *all* ENGINE structures of all types (this
161 * is a bug in the design of CRYPTO_EX_DATA). As such, we just declare a "free"
162 * handler and that will get called if an ENGINE is being destroyed and there
163 * was an ex_data element corresponding to our context type. */
164 static void dynamic_data_ctx_free_func(void *parent, void *ptr,
165 CRYPTO_EX_DATA *ad, int idx, long argl, void *argp)
166 {
167 if(ptr)
168 {
169 dynamic_data_ctx *ctx = (dynamic_data_ctx *)ptr;
170 if(ctx->dynamic_dso)
171 DSO_free(ctx->dynamic_dso);
172 if(ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME)
173 OPENSSL_free((void*)ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME);
174 if(ctx->engine_id)
175 OPENSSL_free((void*)ctx->engine_id);
176 if(ctx->dirs)
177 sk_OPENSSL_STRING_pop_free(ctx->dirs, int_free_str);
178 OPENSSL_free(ctx);
179 }
180 }
181
182 /* Construct the per-ENGINE context. We create it blindly and then use a lock to
183 * check for a race - if so, all but one of the threads "racing" will have
184 * wasted their time. The alternative involves creating everything inside the
185 * lock which is far worse. */
186 static int dynamic_set_data_ctx(ENGINE *e, dynamic_data_ctx **ctx)
187 {
188 dynamic_data_ctx *c;
189 c = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(dynamic_data_ctx));
190 if(!c)
191 {
192 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_CTX,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
193 return 0;
194 }
195 memset(c, 0, sizeof(dynamic_data_ctx));
196 c->dynamic_dso = NULL;
197 c->v_check = NULL;
198 c->bind_engine = NULL;
199 c->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME = NULL;
200 c->no_vcheck = 0;
201 c->engine_id = NULL;
202 c->list_add_value = 0;
203 c->DYNAMIC_F1 = "v_check";
204 c->DYNAMIC_F2 = "bind_engine";
205 c->dir_load = 1;
206 c->dirs = sk_OPENSSL_STRING_new_null();
207 if(!c->dirs)
208 {
209 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_SET_DATA_CTX,ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
210 OPENSSL_free(c);
211 return 0;
212 }
213 CRYPTO_w_lock(CRYPTO_LOCK_ENGINE);
214 if((*ctx = (dynamic_data_ctx *)ENGINE_get_ex_data(e,
215 dynamic_ex_data_idx)) == NULL)
216 {
217 /* Good, we're the first */
218 ENGINE_set_ex_data(e, dynamic_ex_data_idx, c);
219 *ctx = c;
220 c = NULL;
221 }
222 CRYPTO_w_unlock(CRYPTO_LOCK_ENGINE);
223 /* If we lost the race to set the context, c is non-NULL and *ctx is the
224 * context of the thread that won. */
225 if(c)
226 OPENSSL_free(c);
227 return 1;
228 }
229
230 /* This function retrieves the context structure from an ENGINE's "ex_data", or
231 * if it doesn't exist yet, sets it up. */
232 static dynamic_data_ctx *dynamic_get_data_ctx(ENGINE *e)
233 {
234 dynamic_data_ctx *ctx;
235 if(dynamic_ex_data_idx < 0)
236 {
237 /* Create and register the ENGINE ex_data, and associate our
238 * "free" function with it to ensure any allocated contexts get
239 * freed when an ENGINE goes underground. */
240 int new_idx = ENGINE_get_ex_new_index(0, NULL, NULL, NULL,
241 dynamic_data_ctx_free_func);
242 if(new_idx == -1)
243 {
244 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_GET_DATA_CTX,ENGINE_R_NO_INDEX);
245 return NULL;
246 }
247 CRYPTO_w_lock(CRYPTO_LOCK_ENGINE);
248 /* Avoid a race by checking again inside this lock */
249 if(dynamic_ex_data_idx < 0)
250 {
251 /* Good, someone didn't beat us to it */
252 dynamic_ex_data_idx = new_idx;
253 new_idx = -1;
254 }
255 CRYPTO_w_unlock(CRYPTO_LOCK_ENGINE);
256 /* In theory we could "give back" the index here if
257 * (new_idx>-1), but it's not possible and wouldn't gain us much
258 * if it were. */
259 }
260 ctx = (dynamic_data_ctx *)ENGINE_get_ex_data(e, dynamic_ex_data_idx);
261 /* Check if the context needs to be created */
262 if((ctx == NULL) && !dynamic_set_data_ctx(e, &ctx))
263 /* "set_data" will set errors if necessary */
264 return NULL;
265 return ctx;
266 }
267
268 static ENGINE *engine_dynamic(void)
269 {
270 ENGINE *ret = ENGINE_new();
271 if(!ret)
272 return NULL;
273 if(!ENGINE_set_id(ret, engine_dynamic_id) ||
274 !ENGINE_set_name(ret, engine_dynamic_name) ||
275 !ENGINE_set_init_function(ret, dynamic_init) ||
276 !ENGINE_set_finish_function(ret, dynamic_finish) ||
277 !ENGINE_set_ctrl_function(ret, dynamic_ctrl) ||
278 !ENGINE_set_flags(ret, ENGINE_FLAGS_BY_ID_COPY) ||
279 !ENGINE_set_cmd_defns(ret, dynamic_cmd_defns))
280 {
281 ENGINE_free(ret);
282 return NULL;
283 }
284 return ret;
285 }
286
287 void ENGINE_load_dynamic(void)
288 {
289 ENGINE *toadd = engine_dynamic();
290 if(!toadd) return;
291 ENGINE_add(toadd);
292 /* If the "add" worked, it gets a structural reference. So either way,
293 * we release our just-created reference. */
294 ENGINE_free(toadd);
295 /* If the "add" didn't work, it was probably a conflict because it was
296 * already added (eg. someone calling ENGINE_load_blah then calling
297 * ENGINE_load_builtin_engines() perhaps). */
298 ERR_clear_error();
299 }
300
301 static int dynamic_init(ENGINE *e)
302 {
303 /* We always return failure - the "dyanamic" engine itself can't be used
304 * for anything. */
305 return 0;
306 }
307
308 static int dynamic_finish(ENGINE *e)
309 {
310 /* This should never be called on account of "dynamic_init" always
311 * failing. */
312 return 0;
313 }
314
315 static int dynamic_ctrl(ENGINE *e, int cmd, long i, void *p, void (*f)(void))
316 {
317 dynamic_data_ctx *ctx = dynamic_get_data_ctx(e);
318 int initialised;
319
320 if(!ctx)
321 {
322 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_CTRL,ENGINE_R_NOT_LOADED);
323 return 0;
324 }
325 initialised = ((ctx->dynamic_dso == NULL) ? 0 : 1);
326 /* All our control commands require the ENGINE to be uninitialised */
327 if(initialised)
328 {
329 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_CTRL,
330 ENGINE_R_ALREADY_LOADED);
331 return 0;
332 }
333 switch(cmd)
334 {
335 case DYNAMIC_CMD_SO_PATH:
336 /* a NULL 'p' or a string of zero-length is the same thing */
337 if(p && (strlen((const char *)p) < 1))
338 p = NULL;
339 if(ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME)
340 OPENSSL_free((void*)ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME);
341 if(p)
342 ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME = BUF_strdup(p);
343 else
344 ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME = NULL;
345 return (ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME ? 1 : 0);
346 case DYNAMIC_CMD_NO_VCHECK:
347 ctx->no_vcheck = ((i == 0) ? 0 : 1);
348 return 1;
349 case DYNAMIC_CMD_ID:
350 /* a NULL 'p' or a string of zero-length is the same thing */
351 if(p && (strlen((const char *)p) < 1))
352 p = NULL;
353 if(ctx->engine_id)
354 OPENSSL_free((void*)ctx->engine_id);
355 if(p)
356 ctx->engine_id = BUF_strdup(p);
357 else
358 ctx->engine_id = NULL;
359 return (ctx->engine_id ? 1 : 0);
360 case DYNAMIC_CMD_LIST_ADD:
361 if((i < 0) || (i > 2))
362 {
363 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_CTRL,
364 ENGINE_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
365 return 0;
366 }
367 ctx->list_add_value = (int)i;
368 return 1;
369 case DYNAMIC_CMD_LOAD:
370 return dynamic_load(e, ctx);
371 case DYNAMIC_CMD_DIR_LOAD:
372 if((i < 0) || (i > 2))
373 {
374 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_CTRL,
375 ENGINE_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
376 return 0;
377 }
378 ctx->dir_load = (int)i;
379 return 1;
380 case DYNAMIC_CMD_DIR_ADD:
381 /* a NULL 'p' or a string of zero-length is the same thing */
382 if(!p || (strlen((const char *)p) < 1))
383 {
384 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_CTRL,
385 ENGINE_R_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
386 return 0;
387 }
388 {
389 char *tmp_str = BUF_strdup(p);
390 if(!tmp_str)
391 {
392 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_CTRL,
393 ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
394 return 0;
395 }
396 sk_OPENSSL_STRING_insert(ctx->dirs, tmp_str, -1);
397 }
398 return 1;
399 default:
400 break;
401 }
402 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_CTRL,ENGINE_R_CTRL_COMMAND_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
403 return 0;
404 }
405
406 static int int_load(dynamic_data_ctx *ctx)
407 {
408 int num, loop;
409 /* Unless told not to, try a direct load */
410 if((ctx->dir_load != 2) && (DSO_load(ctx->dynamic_dso,
411 ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
412 return 1;
413 /* If we're not allowed to use 'dirs' or we have none, fail */
414 if(!ctx->dir_load || (num = sk_OPENSSL_STRING_num(ctx->dirs)) < 1)
415 return 0;
416 for(loop = 0; loop < num; loop++)
417 {
418 const char *s = sk_OPENSSL_STRING_value(ctx->dirs, loop);
419 char *merge = DSO_merge(ctx->dynamic_dso, ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME, s);
420 if(!merge)
421 return 0;
422 if(DSO_load(ctx->dynamic_dso, merge, NULL, 0))
423 {
424 /* Found what we're looking for */
425 OPENSSL_free(merge);
426 return 1;
427 }
428 OPENSSL_free(merge);
429 }
430 return 0;
431 }
432
433 static int dynamic_load(ENGINE *e, dynamic_data_ctx *ctx)
434 {
435 ENGINE cpy;
436 dynamic_fns fns;
437
438 if(!ctx->dynamic_dso)
439 ctx->dynamic_dso = DSO_new();
440 if(!ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME)
441 {
442 if(!ctx->engine_id)
443 return 0;
444 ctx->DYNAMIC_LIBNAME =
445 DSO_convert_filename(ctx->dynamic_dso, ctx->engine_id);
446 }
447 if(!int_load(ctx))
448 {
449 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_LOAD,
450 ENGINE_R_DSO_NOT_FOUND);
451 DSO_free(ctx->dynamic_dso);
452 ctx->dynamic_dso = NULL;
453 return 0;
454 }
455 /* We have to find a bind function otherwise it'll always end badly */
456 if(!(ctx->bind_engine = (dynamic_bind_engine)DSO_bind_func(
457 ctx->dynamic_dso, ctx->DYNAMIC_F2)))
458 {
459 ctx->bind_engine = NULL;
460 DSO_free(ctx->dynamic_dso);
461 ctx->dynamic_dso = NULL;
462 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_LOAD,
463 ENGINE_R_DSO_FAILURE);
464 return 0;
465 }
466 /* Do we perform version checking? */
467 if(!ctx->no_vcheck)
468 {
469 unsigned long vcheck_res = 0;
470 /* Now we try to find a version checking function and decide how
471 * to cope with failure if/when it fails. */
472 ctx->v_check = (dynamic_v_check_fn)DSO_bind_func(
473 ctx->dynamic_dso, ctx->DYNAMIC_F1);
474 if(ctx->v_check)
475 vcheck_res = ctx->v_check(OSSL_DYNAMIC_VERSION);
476 /* We fail if the version checker veto'd the load *or* if it is
477 * deferring to us (by returning its version) and we think it is
478 * too old. */
479 if(vcheck_res < OSSL_DYNAMIC_OLDEST)
480 {
481 /* Fail */
482 ctx->bind_engine = NULL;
483 ctx->v_check = NULL;
484 DSO_free(ctx->dynamic_dso);
485 ctx->dynamic_dso = NULL;
486 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_LOAD,
487 ENGINE_R_VERSION_INCOMPATIBILITY);
488 return 0;
489 }
490 }
491 /* First binary copy the ENGINE structure so that we can roll back if
492 * the hand-over fails */
493 memcpy(&cpy, e, sizeof(ENGINE));
494 /* Provide the ERR, "ex_data", memory, and locking callbacks so the
495 * loaded library uses our state rather than its own. FIXME: As noted in
496 * engine.h, much of this would be simplified if each area of code
497 * provided its own "summary" structure of all related callbacks. It
498 * would also increase opaqueness. */
499 fns.static_state = ENGINE_get_static_state();
500 fns.err_fns = ERR_get_implementation();
501 fns.ex_data_fns = CRYPTO_get_ex_data_implementation();
502 CRYPTO_get_mem_functions(&fns.mem_fns.malloc_cb,
503 &fns.mem_fns.realloc_cb,
504 &fns.mem_fns.free_cb);
505 fns.lock_fns.lock_locking_cb = CRYPTO_get_locking_callback();
506 fns.lock_fns.lock_add_lock_cb = CRYPTO_get_add_lock_callback();
507 fns.lock_fns.dynlock_create_cb = CRYPTO_get_dynlock_create_callback();
508 fns.lock_fns.dynlock_lock_cb = CRYPTO_get_dynlock_lock_callback();
509 fns.lock_fns.dynlock_destroy_cb = CRYPTO_get_dynlock_destroy_callback();
510 /* Now that we've loaded the dynamic engine, make sure no "dynamic"
511 * ENGINE elements will show through. */
512 engine_set_all_null(e);
513
514 /* Try to bind the ENGINE onto our own ENGINE structure */
515 if(!ctx->bind_engine(e, ctx->engine_id, &fns))
516 {
517 ctx->bind_engine = NULL;
518 ctx->v_check = NULL;
519 DSO_free(ctx->dynamic_dso);
520 ctx->dynamic_dso = NULL;
521 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_LOAD,ENGINE_R_INIT_FAILED);
522 /* Copy the original ENGINE structure back */
523 memcpy(e, &cpy, sizeof(ENGINE));
524 return 0;
525 }
526 /* Do we try to add this ENGINE to the internal list too? */
527 if(ctx->list_add_value > 0)
528 {
529 if(!ENGINE_add(e))
530 {
531 /* Do we tolerate this or fail? */
532 if(ctx->list_add_value > 1)
533 {
534 /* Fail - NB: By this time, it's too late to
535 * rollback, and trying to do so allows the
536 * bind_engine() code to have created leaks. We
537 * just have to fail where we are, after the
538 * ENGINE has changed. */
539 ENGINEerr(ENGINE_F_DYNAMIC_LOAD,
540 ENGINE_R_CONFLICTING_ENGINE_ID);
541 return 0;
542 }
543 /* Tolerate */
544 ERR_clear_error();
545 }
546 }
547 return 1;
548 }