1 /*
   2  * CDDL HEADER START
   3  *
   4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
   5  * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
   6  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   7  *
   8  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
   9  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
  10  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
  11  * and limitations under the License.
  12  *
  13  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
  14  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
  15  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
  16  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
  17  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
  18  *
  19  * CDDL HEADER END
  20  */
  21 
  22 /*
  23  * Copyright (c) 1988, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  24  */
  25 
  26 /*      Copyright (c) 1988 AT&T     */
  27 /*        All Rights Reserved   */
  28 
  29 #include <sys/types.h>
  30 #include <sys/param.h>
  31 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
  32 #include <sys/pcb.h>
  33 #include <sys/systm.h>
  34 #include <sys/signal.h>
  35 #include <sys/cred.h>
  36 #include <sys/user.h>
  37 #include <sys/vfs.h>
  38 #include <sys/vnode.h>
  39 #include <sys/proc.h>
  40 #include <sys/time.h>
  41 #include <sys/file.h>
  42 #include <sys/priocntl.h>
  43 #include <sys/procset.h>
  44 #include <sys/disp.h>
  45 #include <sys/callo.h>
  46 #include <sys/callb.h>
  47 #include <sys/debug.h>
  48 #include <sys/conf.h>
  49 #include <sys/bootconf.h>
  50 #include <sys/utsname.h>
  51 #include <sys/cmn_err.h>
  52 #include <sys/vmparam.h>
  53 #include <sys/modctl.h>
  54 #include <sys/vm.h>
  55 #include <sys/callb.h>
  56 #include <sys/ddi_timer.h>
  57 #include <sys/kmem.h>
  58 #include <sys/vmem.h>
  59 #include <sys/cpuvar.h>
  60 #include <sys/cladm.h>
  61 #include <sys/corectl.h>
  62 #include <sys/exec.h>
  63 #include <sys/syscall.h>
  64 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  65 #include <sys/task.h>
  66 #include <sys/exacct.h>
  67 #include <sys/autoconf.h>
  68 #include <sys/errorq.h>
  69 #include <sys/class.h>
  70 #include <sys/stack.h>
  71 #include <sys/brand.h>
  72 #include <sys/mmapobj.h>
  73 
  74 #include <vm/as.h>
  75 #include <vm/seg_kmem.h>
  76 #include <sys/dc_ki.h>
  77 
  78 #include <c2/audit.h>
  79 #include <sys/bootprops.h>
  80 
  81 /* well known processes */
  82 proc_t *proc_sched;             /* memory scheduler */
  83 proc_t *proc_init;              /* init */
  84 proc_t *proc_pageout;           /* pageout daemon */
  85 proc_t *proc_fsflush;           /* fsflush daemon */
  86 proc_t *proc_intrd;             /* interrupt daemon */
  87 
  88 pgcnt_t maxmem;         /* Maximum available memory in pages.   */
  89 pgcnt_t freemem;        /* Current available memory in pages.   */
  90 int     interrupts_unleashed;   /* set when we do the first spl0() */
  91 
  92 kmem_cache_t *process_cache;    /* kmem cache for proc structures */
  93 
  94 /*
  95  * Indicates whether the auditing module (c2audit) is loaded. Possible
  96  * values are:
  97  * 0 - c2audit module is excluded in /etc/system and cannot be loaded
  98  * 1 - c2audit module is not loaded but can be anytime
  99  * 2 - c2audit module is loaded
 100  */
 101 int audit_active = C2AUDIT_DISABLED;
 102 
 103 /*
 104  * Process 0's lwp directory and lwpid hash table.
 105  */
 106 lwpdir_t p0_lwpdir[2];
 107 tidhash_t p0_tidhash[2];
 108 lwpent_t p0_lep;
 109 
 110 /*
 111  * Machine-independent initialization code
 112  * Called from cold start routine as
 113  * soon as a stack and segmentation
 114  * have been established.
 115  * Functions:
 116  *      clear and free user core
 117  *      turn on clock
 118  *      hand craft 0th process
 119  *      call all initialization routines
 120  *      fork    - process 0 to schedule
 121  *              - process 1 execute bootstrap
 122  *              - process 2 to page out
 123  *      create system threads
 124  */
 125 
 126 int cluster_bootflags = 0;
 127 
 128 void
 129 cluster_wrapper(void)
 130 {
 131         cluster();
 132         panic("cluster()  returned");
 133 }
 134 
 135 char initname[INITNAME_SZ] = "/sbin/init";      /* also referenced by zone0 */
 136 char initargs[BOOTARGS_MAX] = "";               /* also referenced by zone0 */
 137 
 138 /*
 139  * Construct a stack for init containing the arguments to it, then
 140  * pass control to exec_common.
 141  */
 142 int
 143 exec_init(const char *initpath, const char *args)
 144 {
 145         caddr32_t ucp;
 146         caddr32_t *uap;
 147         caddr32_t *argv;
 148         caddr32_t exec_fnamep;
 149         char *scratchargs;
 150         int i, sarg;
 151         size_t argvlen, alen;
 152         boolean_t in_arg;
 153         int argc = 0;
 154         int error = 0, count = 0;
 155         proc_t *p = ttoproc(curthread);
 156         klwp_t *lwp = ttolwp(curthread);
 157         int brand_action;
 158 
 159         if (args == NULL)
 160                 args = "";
 161 
 162         alen = strlen(initpath) + 1 + strlen(args) + 1;
 163         scratchargs = kmem_alloc(alen, KM_SLEEP);
 164         (void) snprintf(scratchargs, alen, "%s %s", initpath, args);
 165 
 166         /*
 167          * We do a quick two state parse of the string to sort out how big
 168          * argc should be.
 169          */
 170         in_arg = B_FALSE;
 171         for (i = 0; i < strlen(scratchargs); i++) {
 172                 if (scratchargs[i] == ' ' || scratchargs[i] == '\0') {
 173                         if (in_arg) {
 174                                 in_arg = B_FALSE;
 175                                 argc++;
 176                         }
 177                 } else {
 178                         in_arg = B_TRUE;
 179                 }
 180         }
 181         argvlen = sizeof (caddr32_t) * (argc + 1);
 182         argv = kmem_zalloc(argvlen, KM_SLEEP);
 183 
 184         /*
 185          * We pull off a bit of a hack here.  We work our way through the
 186          * args string, putting nulls at the ends of space delimited tokens
 187          * (boot args don't support quoting at this time).  Then we just
 188          * copy the whole mess to userland in one go.  In other words, we
 189          * transform this: "init -s -r\0" into this on the stack:
 190          *
 191          *      -0x00 \0
 192          *      -0x01 r
 193          *      -0x02 -  <--------.
 194          *      -0x03 \0          |
 195          *      -0x04 s           |
 196          *      -0x05 -  <------. |
 197          *      -0x06 \0        | |
 198          *      -0x07 t         | |
 199          *      -0x08 i         | |
 200          *      -0x09 n         | |
 201          *      -0x0a i  <---.  | |
 202          *      -0x10 NULL   |  | |     (argv[3])
 203          *      -0x14   -----|--|-'     (argv[2])
 204          *      -0x18  ------|--'       (argv[1])
 205          *      -0x1c -------'          (argv[0])
 206          *
 207          * Since we know the value of ucp at the beginning of this process,
 208          * we can trivially compute the argv[] array which we also need to
 209          * place in userland: argv[i] = ucp - sarg(i), where ucp is the
 210          * stack ptr, and sarg is the string index of the start of the
 211          * argument.
 212          */
 213         ucp = (caddr32_t)(uintptr_t)p->p_usrstack;
 214 
 215         argc = 0;
 216         in_arg = B_FALSE;
 217         sarg = 0;
 218 
 219         for (i = 0; i < alen; i++) {
 220                 if (scratchargs[i] == ' ' || scratchargs[i] == '\0') {
 221                         if (in_arg == B_TRUE) {
 222                                 in_arg = B_FALSE;
 223                                 scratchargs[i] = '\0';
 224                                 argv[argc++] = ucp - (alen - sarg);
 225                         }
 226                 } else if (in_arg == B_FALSE) {
 227                         in_arg = B_TRUE;
 228                         sarg = i;
 229                 }
 230         }
 231         ucp -= alen;
 232         error |= copyout(scratchargs, (caddr_t)(uintptr_t)ucp, alen);
 233 
 234         uap = (caddr32_t *)P2ALIGN((uintptr_t)ucp, sizeof (caddr32_t));
 235         uap--;  /* advance to be below the word we're in */
 236         uap -= (argc + 1);      /* advance argc words down, plus one for NULL */
 237         error |= copyout(argv, uap, argvlen);
 238 
 239         if (error != 0) {
 240                 zcmn_err(p->p_zone->zone_id, CE_WARN,
 241                     "Could not construct stack for init.\n");
 242                 kmem_free(argv, argvlen);
 243                 kmem_free(scratchargs, alen);
 244                 return (EFAULT);
 245         }
 246 
 247         exec_fnamep = argv[0];
 248         kmem_free(argv, argvlen);
 249         kmem_free(scratchargs, alen);
 250 
 251         /*
 252          * Point at the arguments.
 253          */
 254         lwp->lwp_ap = lwp->lwp_arg;
 255         lwp->lwp_arg[0] = (uintptr_t)exec_fnamep;
 256         lwp->lwp_arg[1] = (uintptr_t)uap;
 257         lwp->lwp_arg[2] = NULL;
 258         curthread->t_post_sys = 1;
 259         curthread->t_sysnum = SYS_execve;
 260 
 261         /*
 262          * If we are executing init from zsched, we may have inherited its
 263          * parent process's signal mask.  Clear it now so that we behave in
 264          * the same way as when started from the global zone.
 265          */
 266         sigemptyset(&curthread->t_hold);
 267 
 268         brand_action = ZONE_IS_BRANDED(p->p_zone) ? EBA_BRAND : EBA_NONE;
 269 again:
 270         error = exec_common((const char *)(uintptr_t)exec_fnamep,
 271             (const char **)(uintptr_t)uap, NULL, brand_action);
 272 
 273         /*
 274          * Normally we would just set lwp_argsaved and t_post_sys and
 275          * let post_syscall reset lwp_ap for us.  Unfortunately,
 276          * exec_init isn't always called from a system call.  Instead
 277          * of making a mess of trap_cleanup, we just reset the args
 278          * pointer here.
 279          */
 280         reset_syscall_args();
 281 
 282         switch (error) {
 283         case 0:
 284                 return (0);
 285 
 286         case ENOENT:
 287                 zcmn_err(p->p_zone->zone_id, CE_WARN,
 288                     "exec(%s) failed (file not found).\n", initpath);
 289                 return (ENOENT);
 290 
 291         case EAGAIN:
 292         case EINTR:
 293                 ++count;
 294                 if (count < 5) {
 295                         zcmn_err(p->p_zone->zone_id, CE_WARN,
 296                             "exec(%s) failed with errno %d.  Retrying...\n",
 297                             initpath, error);
 298                         goto again;
 299                 }
 300         }
 301 
 302         zcmn_err(p->p_zone->zone_id, CE_WARN,
 303             "exec(%s) failed with errno %d.", initpath, error);
 304         return (error);
 305 }
 306 
 307 /*
 308  * This routine does all of the common setup for invoking init; global
 309  * and non-global zones employ this routine for the functionality which is
 310  * in common.
 311  *
 312  * This program (init, presumably) must be a 32-bit process.
 313  */
 314 int
 315 start_init_common()
 316 {
 317         proc_t *p = curproc;
 318         ASSERT_STACK_ALIGNED();
 319         p->p_zone->zone_proc_initpid = p->p_pid;
 320 
 321         p->p_cstime = p->p_stime = p->p_cutime = p->p_utime = 0;
 322         p->p_usrstack = (caddr_t)USRSTACK32;
 323         p->p_model = DATAMODEL_ILP32;
 324         p->p_stkprot = PROT_ZFOD & ~PROT_EXEC;
 325         p->p_datprot = PROT_ZFOD & ~PROT_EXEC;
 326         p->p_stk_ctl = INT32_MAX;
 327 
 328         p->p_as = as_alloc();
 329         p->p_as->a_proc = p;
 330         p->p_as->a_userlimit = (caddr_t)USERLIMIT32;
 331         (void) hat_setup(p->p_as->a_hat, HAT_INIT);
 332 
 333         init_core();
 334 
 335         init_mstate(curthread, LMS_SYSTEM);
 336         return (exec_init(p->p_zone->zone_initname, p->p_zone->zone_bootargs));
 337 }
 338 
 339 /*
 340  * Start the initial user process for the global zone; once running, if
 341  * init should subsequently fail, it will be automatically be caught in the
 342  * exit(2) path, and restarted by restart_init().
 343  */
 344 static void
 345 start_init(void)
 346 {
 347         proc_init = curproc;
 348 
 349         ASSERT(curproc->p_zone->zone_initname != NULL);
 350 
 351         if (start_init_common() != 0)
 352                 halt("unix: Could not start init");
 353         lwp_rtt();
 354 }
 355 
 356 void
 357 main(void)
 358 {
 359         proc_t          *p = ttoproc(curthread);        /* &p0 */
 360         int             (**initptr)();
 361         extern void     sched();
 362         extern void     fsflush();
 363         extern void     intrd();
 364         extern int      (*init_tbl[])();
 365         extern int      (*mp_init_tbl[])();
 366         extern id_t     syscid, defaultcid;
 367         extern int      swaploaded;
 368         extern int      netboot;
 369         extern ib_boot_prop_t *iscsiboot_prop;
 370         extern void     vm_init(void);
 371         extern void     cbe_init_pre(void);
 372         extern void     cbe_init(void);
 373         extern void     clock_tick_init_pre(void);
 374         extern void     clock_tick_init_post(void);
 375         extern void     clock_init(void);
 376         extern void     physio_bufs_init(void);
 377         extern void     pm_cfb_setup_intr(void);
 378         extern int      pm_adjust_timestamps(dev_info_t *, void *);
 379         extern void     start_other_cpus(int);
 380         extern void     sysevent_evc_thrinit();
 381         extern kmutex_t ualock;
 382 #if defined(__x86)
 383         extern void     fastboot_post_startup(void);
 384         extern void     progressbar_start(void);
 385 #endif
 386         /*
 387          * In the horrible world of x86 in-lines, you can't get symbolic
 388          * structure offsets a la genassym.  This assertion is here so
 389          * that the next poor slob who innocently changes the offset of
 390          * cpu_thread doesn't waste as much time as I just did finding
 391          * out that it's hard-coded in i86/ml/i86.il.  Similarly for
 392          * curcpup.  You're welcome.
 393          */
 394         ASSERT(CPU == CPU->cpu_self);
 395         ASSERT(curthread == CPU->cpu_thread);
 396         ASSERT_STACK_ALIGNED();
 397 
 398         /*
 399          * We take the ualock until we have completed the startup
 400          * to prevent kadmin() from disrupting this work. In particular,
 401          * we don't want kadmin() to bring the system down while we are
 402          * trying to start it up.
 403          */
 404         mutex_enter(&ualock);
 405 
 406         /*
 407          * Setup root lgroup and leaf lgroup for CPU 0
 408          */
 409         lgrp_init(LGRP_INIT_STAGE2);
 410 
 411         /*
 412          * Once 'startup()' completes, the thread_reaper() daemon would be
 413          * created(in thread_init()). After that, it is safe to create threads
 414          * that could exit. These exited threads will get reaped.
 415          */
 416         startup();
 417         segkmem_gc();
 418         callb_init();
 419         cbe_init_pre(); /* x86 must initialize gethrtimef before timer_init */
 420         timer_init();   /* timer must be initialized before cyclic starts */
 421         cbe_init();
 422         callout_init(); /* callout table MUST be init'd after cyclics */
 423         clock_tick_init_pre();
 424         clock_init();
 425 
 426 #if defined(__x86)
 427         /*
 428          * The progressbar thread uses cv_reltimedwait() and hence needs to be
 429          * started after the callout mechanism has been initialized.
 430          */
 431         progressbar_start();
 432 #endif
 433         /*
 434          * On some platforms, clkinitf() changes the timing source that
 435          * gethrtime_unscaled() uses to generate timestamps.  cbe_init() calls
 436          * clkinitf(), so re-initialize the microstate counters after the
 437          * timesource has been chosen.
 438          */
 439         init_mstate(&t0, LMS_SYSTEM);
 440         init_cpu_mstate(CPU, CMS_SYSTEM);
 441 
 442         /*
 443          * May need to probe to determine latencies from CPU 0 after
 444          * gethrtime() comes alive in cbe_init() and before enabling interrupts
 445          * and copy and release any temporary memory allocated with BOP_ALLOC()
 446          * before release_bootstrap() frees boot memory
 447          */
 448         lgrp_init(LGRP_INIT_STAGE3);
 449 
 450         /*
 451          * Call all system initialization functions.
 452          */
 453         for (initptr = &init_tbl[0]; *initptr; initptr++)
 454                 (**initptr)();
 455         /*
 456          * Load iSCSI boot properties
 457          */
 458         ld_ib_prop();
 459         /*
 460          * initialize vm related stuff.
 461          */
 462         vm_init();
 463 
 464         /*
 465          * initialize buffer pool for raw I/O requests
 466          */
 467         physio_bufs_init();
 468 
 469         ttolwp(curthread)->lwp_error = 0; /* XXX kludge for SCSI driver */
 470 
 471         /*
 472          * Drop the interrupt level and allow interrupts.  At this point
 473          * the DDI guarantees that interrupts are enabled.
 474          */
 475         (void) spl0();
 476         interrupts_unleashed = 1;
 477 
 478         /*
 479          * Create kmem cache for proc structures
 480          */
 481         process_cache = kmem_cache_create("process_cache", sizeof (proc_t),
 482             0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
 483 
 484         vfs_mountroot();        /* Mount the root file system */
 485         errorq_init();          /* after vfs_mountroot() so DDI root is ready */
 486         cpu_kstat_init(CPU);    /* after vfs_mountroot() so TOD is valid */
 487         ddi_walk_devs(ddi_root_node(), pm_adjust_timestamps, NULL);
 488                                 /* after vfs_mountroot() so hrestime is valid */
 489 
 490         post_startup();
 491         swaploaded = 1;
 492 
 493         /*
 494          * Initialize Solaris Audit Subsystem
 495          */
 496         audit_init();
 497 
 498         /*
 499          * Plumb the protocol modules and drivers only if we are not
 500          * networked booted, in this case we already did it in rootconf().
 501          */
 502         if (netboot == 0 && iscsiboot_prop == NULL)
 503                 (void) strplumb();
 504 
 505         gethrestime(&PTOU(curproc)->u_start);
 506         curthread->t_start = PTOU(curproc)->u_start.tv_sec;
 507         p->p_mstart = gethrtime();
 508 
 509         /*
 510          * Perform setup functions that can only be done after root
 511          * and swap have been set up.
 512          */
 513         consconfig();
 514 #ifndef __sparc
 515         release_bootstrap();
 516 #endif
 517 
 518         /*
 519          * attach drivers with ddi-forceattach prop
 520          * It must be done early enough to load hotplug drivers (e.g.
 521          * pcmcia nexus) so that devices enumerated via hotplug is
 522          * available before I/O subsystem is fully initialized.
 523          */
 524         i_ddi_forceattach_drivers();
 525 
 526         /*
 527          * Set the scan rate and other parameters of the paging subsystem.
 528          */
 529         setupclock(0);
 530 
 531         /*
 532          * Initialize process 0's lwp directory and lwpid hash table.
 533          */
 534         p->p_lwpdir = p->p_lwpfree = p0_lwpdir;
 535         p->p_lwpdir->ld_next = p->p_lwpdir + 1;
 536         p->p_lwpdir_sz = 2;
 537         p->p_tidhash = p0_tidhash;
 538         p->p_tidhash_sz = 2;
 539         p0_lep.le_thread = curthread;
 540         p0_lep.le_lwpid = curthread->t_tid;
 541         p0_lep.le_start = curthread->t_start;
 542         lwp_hash_in(p, &p0_lep, p0_tidhash, 2, 0);
 543 
 544         /*
 545          * Initialize extended accounting.
 546          */
 547         exacct_init();
 548 
 549         /*
 550          * Initialize threads of sysevent event channels
 551          */
 552         sysevent_evc_thrinit();
 553 
 554         /*
 555          * This must be done after post_startup() but before
 556          * start_other_cpus()
 557          */
 558         lgrp_init(LGRP_INIT_STAGE4);
 559 
 560         /*
 561          * Perform MP initialization, if any.
 562          */
 563         start_other_cpus(0);
 564 
 565 #ifdef  __sparc
 566         /*
 567          * Release bootstrap here since PROM interfaces are
 568          * used to start other CPUs above.
 569          */
 570         release_bootstrap();
 571 #endif
 572 
 573         /*
 574          * Finish lgrp initialization after all CPUS are brought online.
 575          */
 576         lgrp_init(LGRP_INIT_STAGE5);
 577 
 578         /*
 579          * After mp_init(), number of cpus are known (this is
 580          * true for the time being, when there are actually
 581          * hot pluggable cpus then this scheme  would not do).
 582          * Any per cpu initialization is done here.
 583          */
 584         kmem_mp_init();
 585         vmem_update(NULL);
 586 
 587         clock_tick_init_post();
 588 
 589         for (initptr = &mp_init_tbl[0]; *initptr; initptr++)
 590                 (**initptr)();
 591 
 592         /*
 593          * These must be called after start_other_cpus
 594          */
 595         pm_cfb_setup_intr();
 596 #if defined(__x86)
 597         fastboot_post_startup();
 598 #endif
 599 
 600         /*
 601          * Make init process; enter scheduling loop with system process.
 602          *
 603          * Note that we manually assign the pids for these processes, for
 604          * historical reasons.  If more pre-assigned pids are needed,
 605          * FAMOUS_PIDS will have to be updated.
 606          */
 607 
 608         /* create init process */
 609         if (newproc(start_init, NULL, defaultcid, 59, NULL,
 610             FAMOUS_PID_INIT))
 611                 panic("main: unable to fork init.");
 612 
 613         /* create pageout daemon */
 614         if (newproc(pageout, NULL, syscid, maxclsyspri - 1, NULL,
 615             FAMOUS_PID_PAGEOUT))
 616                 panic("main: unable to fork pageout()");
 617 
 618         /* create fsflush daemon */
 619         if (newproc(fsflush, NULL, syscid, minclsyspri, NULL,
 620             FAMOUS_PID_FSFLUSH))
 621                 panic("main: unable to fork fsflush()");
 622 
 623         /* create interrupt balancer daemon */
 624         if (newproc(intrd, NULL, syscid, minclsyspri, NULL, 0))
 625                 panic("main: unable to fork intrd()");
 626 
 627         /* create cluster process if we're a member of one */
 628         if (cluster_bootflags & CLUSTER_BOOTED) {
 629                 if (newproc(cluster_wrapper, NULL, syscid, minclsyspri,
 630                     NULL, 0)) {
 631                         panic("main: unable to fork cluster()");
 632                 }
 633         }
 634 
 635         /*
 636          * Create system threads (threads are associated with p0)
 637          */
 638 
 639         /* create module uninstall daemon */
 640         /* BugID 1132273. If swapping over NFS need a bigger stack */
 641         (void) thread_create(NULL, 0, (void (*)())mod_uninstall_daemon,
 642             NULL, 0, &p0, TS_RUN, minclsyspri);
 643 
 644         (void) thread_create(NULL, 0, seg_pasync_thread,
 645             NULL, 0, &p0, TS_RUN, minclsyspri);
 646 
 647         pid_setmin();
 648 
 649         /* system is now ready */
 650         mutex_exit(&ualock);
 651 
 652         bcopy("sched", PTOU(curproc)->u_psargs, 6);
 653         bcopy("sched", PTOU(curproc)->u_comm, 5);
 654         sched();
 655         /* NOTREACHED */
 656 }